STATISTICS CONCEPTS AND METHODS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS
◉ What is a sample in statistics?
Answer: A set of individuals selected from a population, usually
intended to represent that population.
◉ What is a variable?
Answer: A characteristic or condition that changes or has different
values for different individuals.
◉ What is data in statistics?
Answer: Measurements or observations collected in a study.
◉ What is a parameter?
Answer: A value, usually numerical, that describes a population.
◉ What is a statistic?
Answer: A value, usually numerical, that describes a sample.
◉ What is descriptive statistics?
, Answer: Statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and
simplify data.
◉ What is inferential statistics?
Answer: Techniques that allow us to study samples and make
generalizations about the populations from which they were
selected.
◉ What is sampling error?
Answer: The naturally occurring discrepancy between a sample
statistic and the corresponding population parameter.
◉ What is the purpose of the correlational method?
Answer: To observe two different variables to determine whether
there is a relationship between them.
◉ What does a correlational study demonstrate?
Answer: The existence of a relationship between two variables, but
not a cause-and-effect relationship.
◉ What is the goal of an experimental study?
Answer: To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship.
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS
◉ What is a sample in statistics?
Answer: A set of individuals selected from a population, usually
intended to represent that population.
◉ What is a variable?
Answer: A characteristic or condition that changes or has different
values for different individuals.
◉ What is data in statistics?
Answer: Measurements or observations collected in a study.
◉ What is a parameter?
Answer: A value, usually numerical, that describes a population.
◉ What is a statistic?
Answer: A value, usually numerical, that describes a sample.
◉ What is descriptive statistics?
, Answer: Statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and
simplify data.
◉ What is inferential statistics?
Answer: Techniques that allow us to study samples and make
generalizations about the populations from which they were
selected.
◉ What is sampling error?
Answer: The naturally occurring discrepancy between a sample
statistic and the corresponding population parameter.
◉ What is the purpose of the correlational method?
Answer: To observe two different variables to determine whether
there is a relationship between them.
◉ What does a correlational study demonstrate?
Answer: The existence of a relationship between two variables, but
not a cause-and-effect relationship.
◉ What is the goal of an experimental study?
Answer: To demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship.
