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How does business writing differ from other writing?
ANS: Business writing always has purpose and is targeted. It is both persuasive
and problem solving.
Five factors to consider when choosing a communication channel
ANS: (1) Do I need a permanent record
(2) How much feedback/how quickly
(3) How formal
(4) How sensitive is the message
(5) Price
Four C's of effective message creation
ANS: (1) Concrete words (not abstracts)
(2) Concise
(3) Clarity
(4) Coherence - overall sense or understandability
What is encoding? What is noise?
ANS: Encoding is the process of converting information into a coded format.
Noise is anything that interferes with the message (actual noise, typos, etc.)
Frame of reference
ANS: Frame of reference is the overall context in which a problem or situation is
placed, viewed, or interpreted. Frame of reference affects how you write the
message and how the receiver interprets the message.
Internal and external operational communication
ANS: (1) Internal-operational: occurs when a business is conducting its work
(orders/instructions from superiors, verbal exchanges between workers, written
reports, emails, memos, proposals, oral presentations
(2) External-operational: outside the business (direct selling/sales presentations,
advertisements/marketing, correspondence with other businesses, government,
community)
, Opening fillers
ANS: There is, there are... Unnecessary phrases at the beginnings of sentences and
expressions
Trite expressions
ANS: At this point in time....In the event that (if)
Redundancy
ANS: Repeating meaning unnecessarily (reason why, continue on)
Parallel sentence construction
ANS: Each item in a list or in bullets must use the same format.
Readability formula
ANS: Fog index - measures the length of words and the length of sentence to
determine how foggy the meaning will be.
Proofreading
ANS: Spelling, grammar, names, numbers, capitalization, etc.
The "you" view or attitude
ANS: Correspondence must always be reader oriented - never start a letter with
"I."
Frontloading
ANS: Everyday positive business messages - give the main idea at the beginning
and using the rest of the message for explanation (direct pattern).
What should you know about the reader before writing?
ANS: Education level, what they already know, their frame of reference.
Direct and indirect communication organization
ANS: (1) Direct communication: topic sentence/main idea goes first - used for
positive messages.
(2) Indirect communication: Use the beginning of the message for explanation and
put the topic sentence/main idea at the end. Used for bad news.