NUR 265
Exam 1 2026 | Galen College of Nursing
Questions, Answers & Detailed Rationales
THIS EXAM INCLUDES:
➢ NUR 265 Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam 1 practice questions
➢ Questions and correct answers with detailed rationales
➢ Renal and kidney disorders
, NUR 265 Exam 1 2026 | Galen College
of Nursing Questions, Answers &
Detailed Rationales
1. What is nephrotic syndrome?
• A) A condition of decreased glomerular permeability causing
reduced urine output
• B) A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows
larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and
then be excreted
• C) A condition of inflammation of the renal pelvis
• D) A condition of obstruction in the urinary tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased
glomerular permeability, which allows larger molecules (such as
proteins) to pass through the glomerular membrane into the urine and
be excreted. This leads to massive proteinuria and subsequent
complications. Options A, C, and D describe other renal conditions
,(decreased permeability would not cause protein loss; inflammation of
the renal pelvis is pyelonephritis; obstruction is postrenal AKI).
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? (Select all that
apply)
• A) Massive proteinuria
• B) Hypoalbuminemia
• C) Edema (facial and periorbital)
• D) Lipiduria
• E) Hyperlipidemia
• F) Increased coagulation
• G) Reduced kidney function
• H) All of the above
Correct Answer: H
Rationale: All listed options are key features of nephrotic syndrome.
The hallmark is massive proteinuria (>3.5g/24 hours), which leads to
hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), causing edema (facial and
periorbital). Lipiduria occurs as lipids leak through the damaged
glomerulus. Hyperlipidemia results from increased hepatic lipoprotein
synthesis. Increased coagulation occurs due to loss of anticoagulant
proteins. Reduced kidney function can occur as the condition
progresses.
, 3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
than what?
• A) 1.5g in 24 hours
• B) 2.5g in 24 hours
• C) 3.5g in 24 hours
• D) 5.0g in 24 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by proteinuria exceeding
3.5g in 24 hours. This massive protein loss is the hallmark of the
condition and leads to hypoalbuminemia and subsequent edema.
Values below 3.5g/24h would be considered sub-nephrotic proteinuria.
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? (Select all that apply)
• A) Immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based)
• B) ACE inhibitors
• C) Statins
• D) Heparin
• E) All of the above
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Treatment for nephrotic syndrome includes:
Immunosuppressants (if the cause is immune-mediated), ACE inhibitors
Exam 1 2026 | Galen College of Nursing
Questions, Answers & Detailed Rationales
THIS EXAM INCLUDES:
➢ NUR 265 Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam 1 practice questions
➢ Questions and correct answers with detailed rationales
➢ Renal and kidney disorders
, NUR 265 Exam 1 2026 | Galen College
of Nursing Questions, Answers &
Detailed Rationales
1. What is nephrotic syndrome?
• A) A condition of decreased glomerular permeability causing
reduced urine output
• B) A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows
larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and
then be excreted
• C) A condition of inflammation of the renal pelvis
• D) A condition of obstruction in the urinary tract
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased
glomerular permeability, which allows larger molecules (such as
proteins) to pass through the glomerular membrane into the urine and
be excreted. This leads to massive proteinuria and subsequent
complications. Options A, C, and D describe other renal conditions
,(decreased permeability would not cause protein loss; inflammation of
the renal pelvis is pyelonephritis; obstruction is postrenal AKI).
2. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? (Select all that
apply)
• A) Massive proteinuria
• B) Hypoalbuminemia
• C) Edema (facial and periorbital)
• D) Lipiduria
• E) Hyperlipidemia
• F) Increased coagulation
• G) Reduced kidney function
• H) All of the above
Correct Answer: H
Rationale: All listed options are key features of nephrotic syndrome.
The hallmark is massive proteinuria (>3.5g/24 hours), which leads to
hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), causing edema (facial and
periorbital). Lipiduria occurs as lipids leak through the damaged
glomerulus. Hyperlipidemia results from increased hepatic lipoprotein
synthesis. Increased coagulation occurs due to loss of anticoagulant
proteins. Reduced kidney function can occur as the condition
progresses.
, 3. In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater
than what?
• A) 1.5g in 24 hours
• B) 2.5g in 24 hours
• C) 3.5g in 24 hours
• D) 5.0g in 24 hours
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by proteinuria exceeding
3.5g in 24 hours. This massive protein loss is the hallmark of the
condition and leads to hypoalbuminemia and subsequent edema.
Values below 3.5g/24h would be considered sub-nephrotic proteinuria.
4. What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? (Select all that apply)
• A) Immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based)
• B) ACE inhibitors
• C) Statins
• D) Heparin
• E) All of the above
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Treatment for nephrotic syndrome includes:
Immunosuppressants (if the cause is immune-mediated), ACE inhibitors
