PTA PEAT | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers

PTA PEAT | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers

Question:
what are the planes of motion

Answer:
-frontal: anterior-posterior = ABD and ADD
-sagittal: medial-lateral= flex and extension
-transverse: vertical axis= medial and lateral rotation


Question:
where are free nerve endings

Answer:
-location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads
-sensitivity: non-noxious mechanical stress or noxious
mechanical or biochemical stimuli
-primary distribution: all joints


Question:
what are golgi tendon endings

Answer:
-location: ligaments, adjacent to ligament's bony attachment
-sensitivity: tension or stretch on ligaments
- primary distribution: majority of joints


Question:
what are golgi-mazzoni corpuscles

Answer:
- location: joint capsule
-Sensitivity: compression of joint
- primary distribution: knee


Question:
what are pacinian corpuscles

, Answer:
-location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
-sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, high
velocity changes in joint
-primary distribution: all joints


Question:
what are ruffini endings

Answer:
-location: fibrous layer of joint capsule
-sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and
velocity of joint position
-primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints
particularly in capsular regions


Question:
what are type 1 muscle fibers

Answer:
-aerobic
-red
-tonic
-slow twitch
-slow oxidative


Question:
what are type 2 muscle fibers

Answer:
-anaerobic
-red/white
-phasic
-fast twitch
-fast glycolytic

,Question:
what are type one functional characteristics of muscle fibers

Answer:
-low fatigability
-high capillary density
-high myoglobin content
-smaller fibers
-extensive blood supply
-large amount of mitochondria example: marathon, swimming


Question:
what are type 2 functional characteristics of muscle fibers

Answer:
-high fatigability
-low capillary density
-low myoglobin content
-larger fibers
-less blood supply
-fewer mitochondria example: high jump, sprinting


Question:
where is the muscle spindle

Answer:
in the belly of muscle, send info to nervous system for muscle
length
-controls posture, involuntary movements


Question:
what are golgi tendon organs

Answer:
sensory receptors for muscle tendons pass immediately
beyond attachment to muscle fibers.

, -sensitive to active motion/tension, 10-15 muscle fibers
connect to each tendon organ


Question:
what are nociceptors

Answer:
free nerve endings activated by thermal mechanical or
chemical stimuli. Afferent neurons are A-delta and C fibers
-send to dorsal horn of spinal cord then carried to thalamus
via spinothalamic tracts. Nerve signal projected to sensory
cortex and become a conscious pain sensation.


Question:
what are A-delta fibers

Answer:
detailed info rapidly from peripheral cutaneous structures
-pain signals that are sharp and localized


Question:
what are C fibers

Answer:
transmit info from deeper tissues and slower
-pain signals that are dull, aching, and diffuse


Question:
what is the gate control theory

Answer:
helps regulate pain. A-delta and C fibers synapse with
secondary neuron and sends pain signal to the brain but also
synapse with inhibitory interneuron at the same place.
-A-alpha and A-beta provide input here. Nerve transmission
through A-alpha and A-beta can stimulate interneurons to
inhibit pain to the brain.