Pharmacology Study Guide Exam 1 | Overview, Key Concepts & Medication Notes

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Pharmacology Study Guide Exam 1
Module 01:

❖ Drug – any chemical that can affect living process

❖ Pharmacology – the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

❖ Clinical Pharmacology – the study of drugs in humans

❖ Therapeutics – the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy

❖ Agonist – drugs that mimic or produce a response

❖ Antagonists – drugs that block a response

❖ Therapeutic index – the level of the drug between the minimum effective level and the
minimum toxic level
❖ Trough level – minimum effective level (plasma drug levels are the lowest)

❖ Loading dose – to achieve a rapid minimum effective concentration in plasma (after loading
dose is given daily dose is provided)
❖ Peak level – minimum toxic level (plasma drug level is the highest)
□ If either the peak is too low or the trough is too high, toxicity can occur
□ Most often used for antibiotics


❖ Characteristics to consider
□ Effectiveness – if not effective it should not be used
□ Safety – No drug is safe (Does the good outweigh the bad)
□ Selectiveness – No such thing as a wholly selective drug
● All medications have side effects


❖ Properties to consider
□ Can the patient afford the medication?
□ Can the patient physically take the medication?
□ Will this medication interact with other medications the patient is taking?


❖ What does ADPIE stand for
□ Assessment
□ Diagnosis




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Overview and
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□ Planning/goal setting
□ Implementation
□ Evaluation


❖ What to look for before administering medications:
□ Baseline data
□ High-risk patients
□ Asses medication rights
□ Minimize adverse effects
□ Make PRN decisions
□ Review the nursing process (ABC’s)


❖ What are the 11 Rights
□ Patient
□ Medication
□ Dose
□ Route
□ Time
□ Expiration
□ Documentation
□ Education
□ Assessment
□ Evaluation
□ Refuse


❖ Ways to prevent medication errors
□ Computerized order input
□ No abbreviations
□ No verbal phone orders
□ Dual verification on high alert drugs


❖ Pharmaceutic phase: Only for pills that are swallowed (applies to a tablet or capsules given
PO)
□ We need stomach acid to dissolve medication
□ Enteric – occurring in the intestines (meant to be absorbed in the small intestines such as
probiotics – need to be enteric coated)
● Cannot cut or crush enteric coated pills or long acting or extended release (anything
with letters at the end do not spit or cut)




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