SEPSIS UROSEPSIS EXAM SCRIPT
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Septic shock
Answer: Sepsis requiring vasopressors to maintain MAP at least 65 mm
Hg with elevated lactate despite adequate fluids.
●● Sepsis medical urgency
Answer: Requires immediate recognition, resuscitation, antimicrobials,
and source control.
●● Most sepsis cultures
Answer: More than half of sepsis cases are culture negative.
●● Most common sepsis pathogen group
Answer: Gram-negative bacteria.
●● Most common gram-negative sepsis pathogen
Answer: Escherichia coli.
●● Common gram-positive sepsis pathogen
Answer: Staphylococcus aureus.
,●● Most common sepsis infection source
Answer: Genitourinary tract.
●● Other common sepsis sources
Answer: Pulmonary and intra-abdominal infections.
●● Higher-mortality sepsis pathogens
Answer: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus.
●● Septic shock mortality
Answer: Approximately 40% or greater.
●● Major sepsis risk factors
Answer: Extremes of age, diabetes, heart failure, COPD, cirrhosis,
ESRD, cancer, and immunosuppression.
●● Culture-negative sepsis
Answer: Clinical sepsis without recovery of a pathogen from cultures.
●● Polymicrobial sepsis
Answer: Multiple organisms causing infection, commonly from an intra-
abdominal source.
, ●● Candidemia risk factors
Answer: Abdominal surgery, TPN, central line, broad antibiotics,
steroids, neutropenia, and prolonged ICU stay.
●● Most common Candida bloodstream species
Answer: Candida albicans.
●● Preferred empiric therapy for invasive candidiasis in ICU
Answer: Echinocandin.
●● Echinocandins
Answer: Anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin.
●● Fluconazole candidiasis role
Answer: Use in stable patients without prior azole exposure or suspected
resistance.
●● Amphotericin B candidiasis role
Answer: Alternative when echinocandins cannot be used.
●● Sepsis pathophysiology
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Septic shock
Answer: Sepsis requiring vasopressors to maintain MAP at least 65 mm
Hg with elevated lactate despite adequate fluids.
●● Sepsis medical urgency
Answer: Requires immediate recognition, resuscitation, antimicrobials,
and source control.
●● Most sepsis cultures
Answer: More than half of sepsis cases are culture negative.
●● Most common sepsis pathogen group
Answer: Gram-negative bacteria.
●● Most common gram-negative sepsis pathogen
Answer: Escherichia coli.
●● Common gram-positive sepsis pathogen
Answer: Staphylococcus aureus.
,●● Most common sepsis infection source
Answer: Genitourinary tract.
●● Other common sepsis sources
Answer: Pulmonary and intra-abdominal infections.
●● Higher-mortality sepsis pathogens
Answer: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus.
●● Septic shock mortality
Answer: Approximately 40% or greater.
●● Major sepsis risk factors
Answer: Extremes of age, diabetes, heart failure, COPD, cirrhosis,
ESRD, cancer, and immunosuppression.
●● Culture-negative sepsis
Answer: Clinical sepsis without recovery of a pathogen from cultures.
●● Polymicrobial sepsis
Answer: Multiple organisms causing infection, commonly from an intra-
abdominal source.
, ●● Candidemia risk factors
Answer: Abdominal surgery, TPN, central line, broad antibiotics,
steroids, neutropenia, and prolonged ICU stay.
●● Most common Candida bloodstream species
Answer: Candida albicans.
●● Preferred empiric therapy for invasive candidiasis in ICU
Answer: Echinocandin.
●● Echinocandins
Answer: Anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin.
●● Fluconazole candidiasis role
Answer: Use in stable patients without prior azole exposure or suspected
resistance.
●● Amphotericin B candidiasis role
Answer: Alternative when echinocandins cannot be used.
●● Sepsis pathophysiology
