Portage Learning BIO 152 Module 1 Exam Review
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Module 1 Exam Review Answers
*My answers in blue*
Section 1.1: Intro into Nervous System
1. Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body. Physiology looks at how the
body parts function together. The physiology of the body depends on the
anatomy of the body.
a. The difference between anatomy and physiology is that anatomy is the
study of the bodily structures; whereas, physiology is the study of the
functions between the bodily structures.
2. The nervous system receives and processes information and sends out
signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an appropriate response. In this
way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other systems of the
body.
a. The nervous system comprises the central nervous system (CNS) and the
peripheral nervous system (PNS). These two components work together
by the PNS receiving information and sending it the CNS to process the
information. Once the CNS has processed the information, it will send the
information back to the appropriate area within the body to act out the
command.
3. CNS and PNS (central nervous system and peripheral nervous system)
a. The 2 parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system.
4. The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
a. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The
brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord is protected by the
spinal column (vertebral column).
5. nuclei, tracts.
a. Collections of cell bodies inside the central nervous system are called
nuclei, and the collection of nerve axons in the central nervous system
are called tracts.
6. The PNS includes the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves.
a. The peripheral nervous system comprises nerves, cranial nerves, spinal
nerves, ganglia, and the brainstem which includes the midbrain, pons, and
medulla.
7. ganglia, nerves.
a. Collections of cell bodies inside the peripheral nervous system are called
ganglia, and the collection of nerve axons in the peripheral nervous
system are called nerves.
8. Afferent, efferent
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a. The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the sensory
(afferent) and motor (efferent).
9. The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the sensory organs
via the afferent division and then relays signals or impulses from the central
nervous system to muscles and glands via the motor or efferent division.
a. Depending on which sensory neuron is being triggered within the PNS, the
impulse will either be traveling from the cranial nerves or spinal nerves. In
the PNS, a sensory neuron will receive information from a stimuli and the
sensory neuron will then send the information to the CNS. The CNS will
then send a signal back to the PNS to relay that command to the muscle
and/or gland.
10. Somatic system and the autonomic system.
a. The two divisions of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system
are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
11. The somatic system controls the movements of skeletal muscles, skin, and
joints. The autonomic system nerves control the glands and smooth muscles
of the internal organs.
a. The somatic nervous system is in control over our skeletal muscles, skin,
and joints. The autonomic nervous system is in control over our glands
and smooth muscles of our internal organs.
12. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
a. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system.
13. The sympathetic nervous system activates and prepares the body for
vigorous muscular activity, stress, and emergencies.
a. The function of the sympathetic nervous system is to keep us alive in a
crisis. It activates during stressful or emergent situations, fight or flight
responses.
14. The parasympathetic nervous system generally operates during normal
situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy.
a. The function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to control bodily
functions within normal conditions such as digestion, blinking, or
breathing.
Section 1.2: Neurons
15. See figure in module
a. The components of a neuron are dendrites, cell body which contains the
nucleus, axon hillock, axon, and axon terminals which store
neurotransmitters.
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Module 1 Exam Review Answers
*My answers in blue*
Section 1.1: Intro into Nervous System
1. Anatomy focuses on the structure of the body. Physiology looks at how the
body parts function together. The physiology of the body depends on the
anatomy of the body.
a. The difference between anatomy and physiology is that anatomy is the
study of the bodily structures; whereas, physiology is the study of the
functions between the bodily structures.
2. The nervous system receives and processes information and sends out
signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an appropriate response. In this
way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other systems of the
body.
a. The nervous system comprises the central nervous system (CNS) and the
peripheral nervous system (PNS). These two components work together
by the PNS receiving information and sending it the CNS to process the
information. Once the CNS has processed the information, it will send the
information back to the appropriate area within the body to act out the
command.
3. CNS and PNS (central nervous system and peripheral nervous system)
a. The 2 parts of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system.
4. The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
a. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The
brain is protected by the skull and the spinal cord is protected by the
spinal column (vertebral column).
5. nuclei, tracts.
a. Collections of cell bodies inside the central nervous system are called
nuclei, and the collection of nerve axons in the central nervous system
are called tracts.
6. The PNS includes the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves.
a. The peripheral nervous system comprises nerves, cranial nerves, spinal
nerves, ganglia, and the brainstem which includes the midbrain, pons, and
medulla.
7. ganglia, nerves.
a. Collections of cell bodies inside the peripheral nervous system are called
ganglia, and the collection of nerve axons in the peripheral nervous
system are called nerves.
8. Afferent, efferent
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a. The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the sensory
(afferent) and motor (efferent).
9. The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the sensory organs
via the afferent division and then relays signals or impulses from the central
nervous system to muscles and glands via the motor or efferent division.
a. Depending on which sensory neuron is being triggered within the PNS, the
impulse will either be traveling from the cranial nerves or spinal nerves. In
the PNS, a sensory neuron will receive information from a stimuli and the
sensory neuron will then send the information to the CNS. The CNS will
then send a signal back to the PNS to relay that command to the muscle
and/or gland.
10. Somatic system and the autonomic system.
a. The two divisions of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system
are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
11. The somatic system controls the movements of skeletal muscles, skin, and
joints. The autonomic system nerves control the glands and smooth muscles
of the internal organs.
a. The somatic nervous system is in control over our skeletal muscles, skin,
and joints. The autonomic nervous system is in control over our glands
and smooth muscles of our internal organs.
12. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
a. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic
and parasympathetic nervous system.
13. The sympathetic nervous system activates and prepares the body for
vigorous muscular activity, stress, and emergencies.
a. The function of the sympathetic nervous system is to keep us alive in a
crisis. It activates during stressful or emergent situations, fight or flight
responses.
14. The parasympathetic nervous system generally operates during normal
situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy.
a. The function of the parasympathetic nervous system is to control bodily
functions within normal conditions such as digestion, blinking, or
breathing.
Section 1.2: Neurons
15. See figure in module
a. The components of a neuron are dendrites, cell body which contains the
nucleus, axon hillock, axon, and axon terminals which store
neurotransmitters.
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