CEN ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWER KEY
●● Pediatric bolus
Answer: 10 ml/kg
●● narrowing pulse pressure
Answer: low systemic pressure, r/t blood loss, decreased stroke volume
●● widening pulse pressure
Answer: high systemic pulse pressure, may be transient and normal after
exercise, caused by chronic (arterial disease) and acute conditions (aortic
aneurysm)
●● Cushing's Triad
Answer: indicative of increased ICP,
1. widening pulse pressure (or HTN)
2. Bradycardia
3. decreased respirations
●● Chronotropes
Answer: drugs that affect the HR, at SA node
,alter heart rate; adrenaline (positive), digoxin (negative)
●● Dromotropes
Answer: Drugs which affect automacity (HR) at AV node
●● Inotropes
Answer: Medication that affect contractility
●● Frank-Starling Law
Answer: Increased End Diastolic Volume will increase the stroke
volume
●● Cocaine + Beta-blockers
Answer: results in vasoconstriction and significant HTN
●● Wolff-Parkinson-White
Answer: Increased HR r/t extra pathway between atria and ventricles,
presence of Delta wave
●● First degree heart block
Answer: prolonged P-R interval, low degree heart block
●● Second degree Type I heart block
,Answer: gradual prolonging of P-R interval, eventually drops QRS
complex, low level heart block, Wenckebach
●● Second degree Type II heart block
Answer: CONSISTENT P-R interval followed by QRS complex,
consistent dropped QRS, high degree heart block, Mobitz
●● Third degree heart block
Answer: no coordination between atria and ventricles, p wave may be
hidden in QRS, high degree heart block, complete heart block
●● Heart block interventions
Answer: Atropine for LOW Degree heart blocks, pacing for HIGH
degree heart blocks
●● Pericarditis
Answer: inflammation of the pericardial sac, sudden onset of chest pain,
CP relieved by leaning forward or sitting up, CP increases with
inspiration, activity, or supine position
●● Beck's Triad
Answer: Clinical Manifestations of pericardial tamponade: the 3 D's
1. Distant (muffled) heart sounds
2. Distended jugular veins
, 3. Decreased BP
●● Kussmaul Sign
Answer: Elevation of neck veins with inspiration
●● Pericardial Tamponade precautions
Answer: use caution, intubation will decrease venous return to right side
of heart due to endotracheal tube, positive PEEP pressure will also
exacerbate tamponade
●● Peripheral arterial disease interventions
Answer: increase HOB but not extremity, increase activity
●● Peripheral venous disease
Answer: elevate extremity, bed rest
●● Acute Bronchitis
Answer: viral infection of upper airways, cough lasting more than 5
days, increased cough with deep inspiration, dry cough progresses to
productive cough, self limiting illness
●● Bronchiolitis
COMPLETE ANSWER KEY
●● Pediatric bolus
Answer: 10 ml/kg
●● narrowing pulse pressure
Answer: low systemic pressure, r/t blood loss, decreased stroke volume
●● widening pulse pressure
Answer: high systemic pulse pressure, may be transient and normal after
exercise, caused by chronic (arterial disease) and acute conditions (aortic
aneurysm)
●● Cushing's Triad
Answer: indicative of increased ICP,
1. widening pulse pressure (or HTN)
2. Bradycardia
3. decreased respirations
●● Chronotropes
Answer: drugs that affect the HR, at SA node
,alter heart rate; adrenaline (positive), digoxin (negative)
●● Dromotropes
Answer: Drugs which affect automacity (HR) at AV node
●● Inotropes
Answer: Medication that affect contractility
●● Frank-Starling Law
Answer: Increased End Diastolic Volume will increase the stroke
volume
●● Cocaine + Beta-blockers
Answer: results in vasoconstriction and significant HTN
●● Wolff-Parkinson-White
Answer: Increased HR r/t extra pathway between atria and ventricles,
presence of Delta wave
●● First degree heart block
Answer: prolonged P-R interval, low degree heart block
●● Second degree Type I heart block
,Answer: gradual prolonging of P-R interval, eventually drops QRS
complex, low level heart block, Wenckebach
●● Second degree Type II heart block
Answer: CONSISTENT P-R interval followed by QRS complex,
consistent dropped QRS, high degree heart block, Mobitz
●● Third degree heart block
Answer: no coordination between atria and ventricles, p wave may be
hidden in QRS, high degree heart block, complete heart block
●● Heart block interventions
Answer: Atropine for LOW Degree heart blocks, pacing for HIGH
degree heart blocks
●● Pericarditis
Answer: inflammation of the pericardial sac, sudden onset of chest pain,
CP relieved by leaning forward or sitting up, CP increases with
inspiration, activity, or supine position
●● Beck's Triad
Answer: Clinical Manifestations of pericardial tamponade: the 3 D's
1. Distant (muffled) heart sounds
2. Distended jugular veins
, 3. Decreased BP
●● Kussmaul Sign
Answer: Elevation of neck veins with inspiration
●● Pericardial Tamponade precautions
Answer: use caution, intubation will decrease venous return to right side
of heart due to endotracheal tube, positive PEEP pressure will also
exacerbate tamponade
●● Peripheral arterial disease interventions
Answer: increase HOB but not extremity, increase activity
●● Peripheral venous disease
Answer: elevate extremity, bed rest
●● Acute Bronchitis
Answer: viral infection of upper airways, cough lasting more than 5
days, increased cough with deep inspiration, dry cough progresses to
productive cough, self limiting illness
●● Bronchiolitis
