Galen NUR 210 Exam 1 Modules 1-3 Galen College of Nursing-Louisville
| UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question:
Pharmacokinetics
Answer:
The process in which medications move through the body
Question:
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics?
Answer:
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Question:
Absorption
Answer:
happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the
bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
Question:
Oral absorption
Answer:
Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the
GI system Usually takes 2-4 hours
·Enteric coated aspirin - hard on stomach can not crush pill
·Extended release absorbed in the small intestine
Question:
IM absorption
Answer:
Absorbed 1-2 hours
Question:
IV absorption
, Answer:
Absorbed 30-60 minutes
Question:
dissolution
Answer:
Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into
particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid
so absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can
interfere with the absorption of drugs.
Question:
Drugs that resist dissolution
Answer:
Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal)
do not pass through the GI tract. Enteric coated medications
are designed to resist disintegration until the pill reaches the
small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not be
crushed.
Question:
Factors that affect absorption
Answer:
·Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine absorption
·Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
·Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
·pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
·Antacid changes absorption
·Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Question:
Excipients
, Answer:
Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is
not 100% drug. Sometimes an excipient enhances the
absorption of a drug such as with PCN, which is not well
absorbed from the GI tract. Adding Na to PCN, which makes
it penicillin sodium, will increase the absorption of PCN
Question:
first pass effect
Answer:
·the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the
drug becomes inactive
·Only happens with oral medications
Question:
delayed gastric emptying
Answer:
Food doesn't move like it should
Question:
Distribution
Answer:
refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to
body tissues
Question:
Factors affecting distribution
Answer:
-blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
, Question:
protein binding
Answer:
Drugs bind with proteins in blood Some drugs are highly
protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
Question:
free drugs
Answer:
drugs not bound to protein
Question:
Drug Toxicity
Answer:
-Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might
accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly
protein bound medications and monitor albumin levels in
patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide Diazepam
Question:
Drug distribution and albumin
Answer:
-A decrease in albumin levels decrease the protein-binding
sites, which means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they
are active in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver
or kidney disease have low albumin levels.
| UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Question:
Pharmacokinetics
Answer:
The process in which medications move through the body
Question:
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics?
Answer:
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Question:
Absorption
Answer:
happens with drug movement from the GI tract into the
bloodstream. Most meds are taken by mouth.
Question:
Oral absorption
Answer:
Takes awhile to get absorbed because it has to go through the
GI system Usually takes 2-4 hours
·Enteric coated aspirin - hard on stomach can not crush pill
·Extended release absorbed in the small intestine
Question:
IM absorption
Answer:
Absorbed 1-2 hours
Question:
IV absorption
, Answer:
Absorbed 30-60 minutes
Question:
dissolution
Answer:
Dissolution happens when a po medication breaks down into
particles, disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid
so absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food can
interfere with the absorption of drugs.
Question:
Drugs that resist dissolution
Answer:
Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants, transdermal)
do not pass through the GI tract. Enteric coated medications
are designed to resist disintegration until the pill reaches the
small intestine. EC and sustained release meds should not be
crushed.
Question:
Factors that affect absorption
Answer:
·Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine absorption
·Food consumption - will change medicine potency (delayed)
·Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
·pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
·Antacid changes absorption
·Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Question:
Excipients
, Answer:
Fillers and other substances that make up tablets as a pill is
not 100% drug. Sometimes an excipient enhances the
absorption of a drug such as with PCN, which is not well
absorbed from the GI tract. Adding Na to PCN, which makes
it penicillin sodium, will increase the absorption of PCN
Question:
first pass effect
Answer:
·the oral drugs go to liver via portal vein where some of the
drug becomes inactive
·Only happens with oral medications
Question:
delayed gastric emptying
Answer:
Food doesn't move like it should
Question:
Distribution
Answer:
refers to the movement of the drug from the circulation to
body tissues
Question:
Factors affecting distribution
Answer:
-blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
, Question:
protein binding
Answer:
Drugs bind with proteins in blood Some drugs are highly
protein bound and other are weakly protein bound
Question:
free drugs
Answer:
drugs not bound to protein
Question:
Drug Toxicity
Answer:
-Two highly protein bound drugs compete and one might
accumulate and cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly
protein bound medications and monitor albumin levels in
patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include: Warfarin
Furosemide Diazepam
Question:
Drug distribution and albumin
Answer:
-A decrease in albumin levels decrease the protein-binding
sites, which means more of the free drug is circulated.
-This can be fatal with some meds.
-Free drugs are those not bound to protein, which means they
are active in the body and cause a pharmacologic response.
-Older adults, malnourished individuals, and those with liver
or kidney disease have low albumin levels.
