MSN 611 - Quiz 1 (2) Questions and Answers

MSN 611 - Quiz 1 (2) Questions and Answers What are some side effects of tetracyclines? - discoloration of growing teeth - increase skin sensitivity to UV light Who should not be given tetracyclines? - children under 12 - pregnant women - breastfeeding women What is some patient education that should be given to people taking tetracyclines? - take on an empty stomach - wear clothing covering arms/legs while in the sun What are some examples of macrolides? Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin What is the MOA of macrolides? inhibit protein synthesis What are some indications for use of macrolides? - pertussis - diphtheria - COPD exacerbation What is a common alternative to penicillins in the case of allergies? macrolides How are macrolides normally administered? A loading dose (double dose) on day one followed by a maintenance dose (standard dose) on days 2+, also known as a Z-Pak What is an example of an oxazolidinone known drug? Linezolid What is the MOA of oxazolidinones? inhibit protein synthesis What are indications for use for oxazolidinones? - RESISTANT INFECTIONS: MRSA and VRE What is a side effect of oxazolidinone drugs? headache What is an adverse effect of oxazolidinone drugs? - risk of serotonin syndrome - risk if higher if medication interacts with other serotonin medications (SSRI, SNRI, or OTC meds like St. Jons Wart What are some examples of aminoglycosides? Streptomycin, Cleomycin, Tobramycin, Tobramycin, Gentamycin, Clindamycin What is the MOA of aminoglycosides? disrupts bacteria protein synthesis What are some indications for use of aminoglycosides? SEVERE gram - infections; covers psuedonomas, staphylococcus, and serratia What is something important to know about administration of aminoglycosides? Do not administer the years after anesthesia or muscle relaxant due to a risk of paralysis How are aminoglycosides mostly administered? parenterally What blackbox warning do aminoglycosides have? ototoxic and nephrotoxic What type of person is aminoglycoside used contraindicated with? pregnancy What are some examples of fluroquinolones? Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (Levaquin), Avelox. What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones? interferes with DNA of bacteria What are some examples indications for use of fluroquinolones? - plague - anthrax - UTI - HAP - pyelonephritis - acute bacterial prostitis What black box warning does fluoroquinolones have? tendon rupture and tendinitis What medication is rarely a first choice? fluroquinolones What type of person should you avoid giving fluroquinolones to? children What is an example of a sulfonamide drug? Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) What is the MOA of sulfonamides? inhibits synthesis of folate, which is required for cell synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein What meds are effective when given together but not used independently? - Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole - the combination of these drugs inhibits sequential steps in the process of cell synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in bacteria What are some indications for use of sulfonamides? - UTI - PCP - GI infections Sulfonamides are contraindicated in what condition? pregnancy What is the MOA of nitrofurantoin (macrobid)? damages bacterial DNA What is the only indication for use of nitrofurantoin? lower UTI - NOT used for upper UTI/kidney infections What is the first line medication choice for UTI? Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) What are some other options for UTI medication choices, that are not the first line treatment option? TMP/SMX, Augmentin, and Fluroquinolones What is an adverse effect that can happen with nitrofurantoin? pulmonary toxicity - not very common What is a piece of patient education that should be provided regarding UTIs and cranberry juice? cranberry juice should only be used for the PREVENTION of UTIs, it doesn't help in the actual treatment of them