UC Comparative Physiology Exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers A+ Pass.

overall flow of energy through the body - correct answers understand how to measure the metabolic rate with direct and indirect methods - correct answers factors that influence the metabolic rate - correct answers relationships between factors such as size or weight and an animal's metabolic rate - correct answers contrast current hypotheses in regards to why the metabolic rate is relatively smaller in larger animals - correct answers all energy that you take in needs to be used in the body in some way. what are 3 ways? - correct answers biosynthesis maintenance generation of external work ultimately, all energy that you consume eventually turns into - correct answers heat metabolic rate - correct answers rate at which animal "consumes" energy (converts energy to heat and external work) metabolic rate determines - correct answers how much food an animal needs direct calorimeter - correct answers measure of heat production; fairly complex (problem of measuring artifacts) pay attention to how much water melts off the ice- would be because of the heat produced by the animal. (more accurate than indirect method) an indirect, but much easier way of measuring metabolic rate is - correct answers measuring O2 and CO2 during respiration Respirometry - correct answers measuring O2 consumption (can basically do the same thing measuring CO2) During respirometry, why might you want to measuring both O2 and CO2 levels? - correct answers because the respiratory exchange rate (R) is not always 1 if you are digesting carbohydrates, R is? - correct answers 1 (aerobic) if you are digesting lipids, R is? - correct answers 0.71 (aerobic) if you are digesting proteins, R is? - correct answers 0.83 (aerobic)(this is for animals such as mammals that produce urea as the main nitrogenous end product- different values apply to animals that produce ammonia and uric acid) the respiratory exchange rate, R, is? - correct answers CO2 produced (per unit time) / O2 used (per unit time) (aerobic) Why is the R of carbohydrates 1? - correct answers C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 +6H2O this is only true during aerobic conditions! The resting heart rate is much higher in a small mammal than in a big mammal. This is because the heart size scales roughly proportionally with body size, despite a non-proportional increase in metabolic rate. - correct answers True Which of these energy sources is slowest to respond in regards to a change in energy need? - correct answers aerobic catabolism using O2 from the environment Animals have to function at different temperatures. Which of the following statements is true in regards to membrane fluidity in a group of animals that live at different temperatures? - correct answers the membrane fluidity is approximately the same value for all animals when they are compared at species appropriate temperatures Most commonly the slope of the line depicting the chronic response of metabolic rate to temperature is ---- the slopes of the lines depicting the acute responses of metabolic rate to temperature. - correct answers shallower than enzyme-substrate affinity - correct answers generally decreases with increasing temperature the absolute refractory period - correct answers is the time after an action potential during which no action potential can be generated during the middle of the falling phase of an action potential most Na+ channels are - correct answers inactivated There are two main factors that determine the relative contribution of individual ions to a cell's potential. one of them is the relative concentration of the ion inside and outside the cell. what is the other major factor? - correct answers the membrane permeability for that ion which of the following receptors does not use an ionotropic mechanism of signal transduction? - correct answers photoreceptors tonic sensory receptor - correct answers a receptor that response to a prolonged stimulus by a continued train of impulses in vertebrates light exposure leads to a closure of Na+ channels and hence to - correct answers a hyperpolarization response of photoreceptors A ganglion cell in the human retina increases its response if the center of its visual field is illuminated and decreases its response when the periphery of its visual field is illuminated - correct answers on-center cell