UC DD Exam 1 Study Guide Questions With 100% Verified Answers.

Definition of diagnostic reasoning - correct answers Dynamic thinking process that leads to the identification of a hypothesis that best explains the clinical evidence. A method of exploring a patient problem using an approach that is systematic and organized, resulting into the generation of a hypothesis. What are two factors that affect diagnostic reasoning? - correct answers Patient driven factor or clinician driven factor. What is a patient driven factor that affects reasoning? - correct answers increasing acuity, poor historians, altered mental status, multisystem disease: acute & chronic- ppl have acute exacerbations of chronic diseases: COPD/CHF/ CAD, multiple complaints. What are clinician driven factor that affects reasoning? - correct answers limited experience, knowledge base, continuous review of data, demants for cost effectiveness and speed, uncertainty of data: random high lab value (cmp/bmp). Can't understant why value elevated in this pt. Sometimes you need to redo the test. Look at patient and what data says to see if they match. What are the 3 types of diagnostic reasoning? - correct answers Probabilistic reasoning, causal reasoning and deterministic reasoning. What is probabilistic reasoning? - correct answers (A+B=C) Associations between clinical data that trigger the potential presence of a disease, demographic description, presenting manifestations, signs & symptoms, = a probable cause. What is an example of probabilistic reasoning? - correct answers Elderly pt with confusion. Hx: 6 seeks ago pt was rational and independent. Fell and hit head, losing consciousness for a little bit of time. Fine the next day. Possible "Chronic subdural hematoma." What is causal reasoning? - correct answers it is based on cause & effect relationship between clinical data. Corroboration present. What is an example of causal reasoning? - correct answers Someone with high triglycerides at risk for pancreatitis/CAD. What is deterministic reasoning? - correct answers (Guides). Things you know exist like ABC= airway breathing circulation. Depends on knowledge that exists as unambiguous rules, outline routine clinical practice, diagnostic algorithms: ACLS, list of rules. What are 2 patterns of diagnostic reasoning? - correct answers Backward reasoning and forward reasoning. What is backwards reasoning? - correct answers Generates hypothesis then tries to acquire data to uphold it. -seen with novice clinician, lack of knowledge inhibits construction from data alone, inefficient, earlier ROS may help trigger development What is forward reasoning? - correct answers uses data item of set to generate hypothesis. Characteristic of experts, dependent on solid knowledge of symptomology, highly efficient. Definition of diagnositc process? - correct answers Combination of systematic analysis and intuitive knowledge. What does systematic analysis involve? - correct answers Involves use of explicit knowledge. What is explicit knowledge? - correct answers knowledge of physical or psychological states, conditions, or diseases and their associated probabilities, pathophyiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Diagnostic reasoning is - correct answers Dynamic thinking process that leads to the identification of a hypothesis that best explains the clinical evidence. Backward reasoning: - correct answers Generates hypothesis then tries to acquire data to uphold it. Forward reasoning: - correct answers Uses data item or set to generate hypothesis Explicit knowledge: - correct answers Knowledge of physical or physiological states, conditions or diseases and their associated probabilities and pathophysiologies Heuristics are - correct answers Rules of thumb- mental strategies that provide shortcuts Pattern recognition is - correct answers the ability to recall the patterns of signs and symptoms for a disease and the ability to distinguish between two manifestations Pretest probability is - correct answers the probability that the patient has the disease before the result is known Tacit knowledge is - correct answers Knowledge possessed without conscious awareness Every patient you have seen today has sinusitis. Your next patient is a 25 year old male with nasal