NR 283 EXAM 1
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR JUST
RELEASED
Question 1: Describe how very slow, shallow respirations are likely
to affect:
A. PCO2
B. serum pH
Answer:
A. increase PCO2
B. decrease serum pH (increase carbonic acid)
Question 2: state 3 possible causes of metabolic acidosis
Answer:
Metabolic acidosis may occur with infection (increased BMR), renal disease
(retention of acids), severe vomiting or diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate and
increased acids), starvation, or diabetic ketoacidosis (increased acid
production).
Question 3: A diabeitc client is producing excess amounts of
ketoacids.
A. describe the effects of this excess on serum bicarbonate levels and
serum pH.
B. explain the possible compensation for this imbalance
C. describe the signs of this compensation
Answer:
, A. Ketoacids bind with bicarbonate ions, decreasing serum bicarbonate and
serum pH.
B. Respirations increase. Kidneys excrete more acids and increase
bicarbonate production and reabsorption.
C. Rate and depth of breathing increase, and urine has a low pH (pH = 5).
Question 4: The respirations that accompany metabolic acidosis
are frequently called Kussmaul's respirations or "air hunger". What
is the purpose of such respirations
Answer:
Carbon dioxide or carbonic acid levels in the blood decrease, resulting in
decreased total acid levels in the body.
Question 5: A person is found unconscious. He is wearing a
Medic-Alert bracelet for diabetes and his breath has the typical
odor of acetone (ketoacids)
A. predict the serum pH and the rationale for this prediction
B. predict his serum potassium level
Answer:
A. Serum pH is less than 7.35 because acidosis depresses CNS function.
Bicarbonate raises serum pH to normal by combining with ketoacids.
B. The serum potassium level is elevated because of acidosis.
Question 6: how does insulin administration affect serum
potassium?
Answer:
Insulin reduces serum potassium by promoting the movement of potassium
into cells.
, Question 7: A person will probably become very dehydrated as
ketoacidosis develops. what hear rate and pulse characteristics
would you expect to be present in this dehydrated condition?
Answer:
The pulse would be weak and thready because of hypovolemia. When CNS
function is decreased, the heart rate is slow or irregular.
Question 8: prolonged strenuous exercise usually leads to an
increase in lactic acid. given your knowledge of normal circulation,
explain why it is helpful to have a cool-down period with mild
exercise rather than total rest immediately after strenuous exercise.
Answer:
Mild exercise promotes continued circulation to remove lactic acid from muscle
tissue, decrease acidosis, and restore oxygen reserves.
Question 9: General anesthetics, presence of pain, and narcotic
analgesics for pain often lead to slow, shallow respirations after
surgery, circulation is frequently slow, and oxygen levels are
somewhat reduced. predict the effects on partial pressure of
carbon dioxide and now this would affect serum pH.
Answer:
Slow, shallow respirations lead to increased carbon dioxide in the blood.
Reduced oxygen and sluggish circulation contribute to more anaerobic
metabolism and increased lactic acid levels. Therefore, the serum pH is
decreased, and acidosis is common during and following surgery.
Question 10: Define homozygous and heterozygous
Answer:
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR JUST
RELEASED
Question 1: Describe how very slow, shallow respirations are likely
to affect:
A. PCO2
B. serum pH
Answer:
A. increase PCO2
B. decrease serum pH (increase carbonic acid)
Question 2: state 3 possible causes of metabolic acidosis
Answer:
Metabolic acidosis may occur with infection (increased BMR), renal disease
(retention of acids), severe vomiting or diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate and
increased acids), starvation, or diabetic ketoacidosis (increased acid
production).
Question 3: A diabeitc client is producing excess amounts of
ketoacids.
A. describe the effects of this excess on serum bicarbonate levels and
serum pH.
B. explain the possible compensation for this imbalance
C. describe the signs of this compensation
Answer:
, A. Ketoacids bind with bicarbonate ions, decreasing serum bicarbonate and
serum pH.
B. Respirations increase. Kidneys excrete more acids and increase
bicarbonate production and reabsorption.
C. Rate and depth of breathing increase, and urine has a low pH (pH = 5).
Question 4: The respirations that accompany metabolic acidosis
are frequently called Kussmaul's respirations or "air hunger". What
is the purpose of such respirations
Answer:
Carbon dioxide or carbonic acid levels in the blood decrease, resulting in
decreased total acid levels in the body.
Question 5: A person is found unconscious. He is wearing a
Medic-Alert bracelet for diabetes and his breath has the typical
odor of acetone (ketoacids)
A. predict the serum pH and the rationale for this prediction
B. predict his serum potassium level
Answer:
A. Serum pH is less than 7.35 because acidosis depresses CNS function.
Bicarbonate raises serum pH to normal by combining with ketoacids.
B. The serum potassium level is elevated because of acidosis.
Question 6: how does insulin administration affect serum
potassium?
Answer:
Insulin reduces serum potassium by promoting the movement of potassium
into cells.
, Question 7: A person will probably become very dehydrated as
ketoacidosis develops. what hear rate and pulse characteristics
would you expect to be present in this dehydrated condition?
Answer:
The pulse would be weak and thready because of hypovolemia. When CNS
function is decreased, the heart rate is slow or irregular.
Question 8: prolonged strenuous exercise usually leads to an
increase in lactic acid. given your knowledge of normal circulation,
explain why it is helpful to have a cool-down period with mild
exercise rather than total rest immediately after strenuous exercise.
Answer:
Mild exercise promotes continued circulation to remove lactic acid from muscle
tissue, decrease acidosis, and restore oxygen reserves.
Question 9: General anesthetics, presence of pain, and narcotic
analgesics for pain often lead to slow, shallow respirations after
surgery, circulation is frequently slow, and oxygen levels are
somewhat reduced. predict the effects on partial pressure of
carbon dioxide and now this would affect serum pH.
Answer:
Slow, shallow respirations lead to increased carbon dioxide in the blood.
Reduced oxygen and sluggish circulation contribute to more anaerobic
metabolism and increased lactic acid levels. Therefore, the serum pH is
decreased, and acidosis is common during and following surgery.
Question 10: Define homozygous and heterozygous
Answer:
