NR 601 Exam Study Questions with Verified
Correct Answers
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation
DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation
HHNS
DKA
acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation
Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed
Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C
5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt
140-199
Prediabetes fasting
00-125
Diabetes Random
>=200
,Diabetes Fasting
>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt
>=200
Type 1 diabetes
immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes
Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria
subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause
inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria
SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris
, Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically
3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria
Occurs on one occasion
Persistent
occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria
Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria
caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria
Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires?
further work up
What indicates hematuria is of renal origin?
Casts
What does proteinuria mean?
Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in origin
Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from?
Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head injury, or stroke
Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves
Bence Jones Proteins
present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease
Correct Answers
Type 1 diabetes acute presentation
DKA (30% of people will present)
Type 2 diabetes acute presentation
HHNS
DKA
acetone and keytones increase! once treated expect postassium to drop! have K+ ready
Type 1 & 2 diabetes subacute presentation
Fatigue, thirst, urination, weight loss
Most common in type 1
In type 2, it will be more vague symptoms and fatigue
Most common way type two diabetes is diagnosed
Screening at risk individuals
Diabetes Mellitus
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Prediabetes Hgb A1C
5.7-6.4%
Prediabetes 2 hour gtt
140-199
Prediabetes fasting
00-125
Diabetes Random
>=200
,Diabetes Fasting
>=126
Diabetes 2hr gtt
>=200
Type 1 diabetes
immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas to prohibit them from releasing insulin
AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER
Usually presents in childhood
Genetic and environmental trigger
Insulin Deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
usually presents in adults with HTN and obesity
Cells in the body do not react to the insulin
Genetic Predisposition
Insulin Resistance/Relative insulin deficiency
Medications that cause diabetes
Glucocoriticoids
(Given in asthma and Crohn's Disease
dysuria
subjective experience of painful or burnign on urination
Dysuria Cause
inflammation
bladder/urethral infection
most common cause is lower UTI
Medications that can cause dysuria
SSRI
opiates
Scopalamine
Less common causes of dysuris
, Tumors
Renal Failure
Nephrolithiasis
STIs
Heamuturia Diagnostically
3 RBCs or more per high powered field
Transient Hematuria
Occurs on one occasion
Persistent
occurs on two or more occosion
Substances that can mock hematuria
Beets
Substances that can be related to hematuria
caffeine, spices, tomatoes, chocolate, alcholol, citurs, soy sauce
medications that cause hematuria
Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Cipro, allopurinol, tagamet, dilantin
Any hematuria in a male over 50 requires?
further work up
What indicates hematuria is of renal origin?
Casts
What does proteinuria mean?
Typically indicates renal pathology, specifically glmerular in origin
Mild Transient Proteinuria can result from?
Fever, CHF, acute pulmonary edema, head injury, or stroke
Proteinuria will improve as the patient's condition improves
Bence Jones Proteins
present in MM, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease
