NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 |
2026/2027 High-Yield Cheat Sheet &
Review
passive immunity - correct answer-Transfer of performed antibodies against a
specific antigen from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or
non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - correct answer-IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG
crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) - correct answer-3.5-5.0
mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - correct answer-
135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - correct answer-9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - correct answer-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - correct answer-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
,Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - correct
answer-23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - correct answer-hypokalemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - correct answer-Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - correct answer-hyponatremia / hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - correct answer-hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - correct answer-hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - correct answer-Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - correct answer-hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - correct answer-Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - correct answer-hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - correct answer-Hypermagesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - correct answer-hypocalcemia
, condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - correct answer-hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - correct answer-the study of abnormalities in physiologic
functioning of living beings
Pathology - correct answer-the study and diagnosis of disease through
examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - correct answer-The study of the causes and origins of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology - correct answer-etiology, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis - correct answer-development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation - correct answer-signs and symptoms or evidence of disease
exacerbation - correct answer-a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a
disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission - correct answer-decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - correct answer-a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous
disease or injury
2026/2027 High-Yield Cheat Sheet &
Review
passive immunity - correct answer-Transfer of performed antibodies against a
specific antigen from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or
non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - correct answer-IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG
crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) - correct answer-3.5-5.0
mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - correct answer-
135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - correct answer-9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - correct answer-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - correct answer-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
,Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - correct
answer-23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - correct answer-hypokalemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - correct answer-Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - correct answer-hyponatremia / hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - correct answer-hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - correct answer-hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - correct answer-Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - correct answer-hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - correct answer-Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - correct answer-hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - correct answer-Hypermagesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - correct answer-hypocalcemia
, condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - correct answer-hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - correct answer-the study of abnormalities in physiologic
functioning of living beings
Pathology - correct answer-the study and diagnosis of disease through
examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - correct answer-The study of the causes and origins of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology - correct answer-etiology, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis - correct answer-development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation - correct answer-signs and symptoms or evidence of disease
exacerbation - correct answer-a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a
disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission - correct answer-decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - correct answer-a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous
disease or injury
