Geography 2051 Exam 2 - Namikas (LSU) with Answers Rated A
1. Weathering the breakdown of earth materials into smaller components
2. Physical Weathering involves physical forces (pushing/pulling) breaking down earth
materials
3. Chemical Weathering the process that breaks down rock through molecular changes
using water
4. Parent Material The original rock or soil type
5. Regolith the substance that parent materials of rocks break down into
before turning into soil
6. Soil the result of weathering of rock from parent material to regolith
then to this substance
7. What are some factors/con- -Nature of Parent Materials/Rocks
trols of weathering? -Climate (moisture levels & temperatures)
**LOOK AT NOTES** -Hydrology
-Topography
-Vegetation
8. Jointing & it's effects on joints are cracks in rocks; they attect the solubility and rate of
rocks weathering in/on rocks
9. Moh's Hardness Scale A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in
testing the hardness of minerals
10. How does climate affect Precipitation influences how strong/weak weathering is, as well
weathering? as rates
& temperature influences which type of weathering occurs
11. What type of weathering oc- Chemical weathering
curs in hot climates?
, Geography 2051 Exam 2 - Namikas (LSU) with Answers Rated A
12. What type of weathering oc- Physical weathering
curs in cold climates?
13. Hydrology the study of movement of water
14. How does hydrology affect It influences the rates & strength of weathering
weathering? (more exposed to water=higher rate of weathering)
15. Topography the shape and physical character of Earth's surface
16. Microclimate very small areas in which topography and hydrology attect veg-
etation and water movement (which in turn attects weathering)
17. Vegetation such as root enhance
wedge/root pry weath-
ering
18. Vegetation such as biologi- inhibit
cal controls weathering
19. Most physical weathering jagged pieces
processes result in...
20. Most chemical weathering rounded pieces
processes result in...
21. What are some types -frost action/freeze-thaw
of physical weathering -root wedging
processes? -crystallization
-pressure-release (exfoliation/spalling)
22. Root Wedging a physical weathering process in which plant roots break rocks
apart
, 23. Crystallization (aka salt a physical weathering process in which salt crystals grow in pore
wedging) spaces on a rock's surface and dislodge individual mineral grains
within the rock
24. Pressure-Release (Exfolia- the tremendous pressure rocks are exposed to at the surface
tion/Spalling) causes them to break
25. Frost Action (aka water that's between cracks in rocks freezes and thaws & causes
Freeze-Thaw) the rock to shatter
26. What are some exam- -oxidation
ples of chemical weathering -hydrolysis
processes? -carbonation
-solution
27. Oxidation commonly known as "rusting"; oxides in rock formations cause
weakness and allow rocks to break down
28. Hydrolysis the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with
water (water breaks down feldspar in granite)
29. Carbonation process by which minerals reacts with carbonic acid; ettective in
attacking limestones
30. Solution a mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another (car-
bonation is an example)
31. Karst Topography a region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates
deep valleys, caverns and sinkholes.
32. Limestone a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposit-
ed by the remains of marine animals
33. Tower Karst large, rounded outcrops of limestone (aka Haystack Karst)
1. Weathering the breakdown of earth materials into smaller components
2. Physical Weathering involves physical forces (pushing/pulling) breaking down earth
materials
3. Chemical Weathering the process that breaks down rock through molecular changes
using water
4. Parent Material The original rock or soil type
5. Regolith the substance that parent materials of rocks break down into
before turning into soil
6. Soil the result of weathering of rock from parent material to regolith
then to this substance
7. What are some factors/con- -Nature of Parent Materials/Rocks
trols of weathering? -Climate (moisture levels & temperatures)
**LOOK AT NOTES** -Hydrology
-Topography
-Vegetation
8. Jointing & it's effects on joints are cracks in rocks; they attect the solubility and rate of
rocks weathering in/on rocks
9. Moh's Hardness Scale A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in
testing the hardness of minerals
10. How does climate affect Precipitation influences how strong/weak weathering is, as well
weathering? as rates
& temperature influences which type of weathering occurs
11. What type of weathering oc- Chemical weathering
curs in hot climates?
, Geography 2051 Exam 2 - Namikas (LSU) with Answers Rated A
12. What type of weathering oc- Physical weathering
curs in cold climates?
13. Hydrology the study of movement of water
14. How does hydrology affect It influences the rates & strength of weathering
weathering? (more exposed to water=higher rate of weathering)
15. Topography the shape and physical character of Earth's surface
16. Microclimate very small areas in which topography and hydrology attect veg-
etation and water movement (which in turn attects weathering)
17. Vegetation such as root enhance
wedge/root pry weath-
ering
18. Vegetation such as biologi- inhibit
cal controls weathering
19. Most physical weathering jagged pieces
processes result in...
20. Most chemical weathering rounded pieces
processes result in...
21. What are some types -frost action/freeze-thaw
of physical weathering -root wedging
processes? -crystallization
-pressure-release (exfoliation/spalling)
22. Root Wedging a physical weathering process in which plant roots break rocks
apart
, 23. Crystallization (aka salt a physical weathering process in which salt crystals grow in pore
wedging) spaces on a rock's surface and dislodge individual mineral grains
within the rock
24. Pressure-Release (Exfolia- the tremendous pressure rocks are exposed to at the surface
tion/Spalling) causes them to break
25. Frost Action (aka water that's between cracks in rocks freezes and thaws & causes
Freeze-Thaw) the rock to shatter
26. What are some exam- -oxidation
ples of chemical weathering -hydrolysis
processes? -carbonation
-solution
27. Oxidation commonly known as "rusting"; oxides in rock formations cause
weakness and allow rocks to break down
28. Hydrolysis the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with
water (water breaks down feldspar in granite)
29. Carbonation process by which minerals reacts with carbonic acid; ettective in
attacking limestones
30. Solution a mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another (car-
bonation is an example)
31. Karst Topography a region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates
deep valleys, caverns and sinkholes.
32. Limestone a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposit-
ed by the remains of marine animals
33. Tower Karst large, rounded outcrops of limestone (aka Haystack Karst)
