SONOGRAPHY PRINCIPLES AND
INSTRUMENTATION ARDMS SPI EXAM
SCRIPT COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Unrelated
Answer: Not associated or connected
●● Directly Related or Proportional
Answer: 2 or more items associated AND connected; (1 item ↑, the other
↑)
●● Intensity
Answer: Intensity is proportional to Power. Intensity AND Power are
proportional to Amplitude2
●● Inversely Related
Answer: 2 or more items associated AND connected; (1 item ↑, the other
↓)
●● Period & Frequency
Answer: Period & Frequency are inversely related. Period ↑ Frequency ↓
,●● Reciprocal
Answer: 2 numbers multiplied (ｘ) the result (=) is one (↿) *Reciprocals
are also inversely related; 1 item ↑, the other ↓*
●● Sound Waves
Answer: All waves carry energy from one location to another. Sound is a
mechanical wave
●● Medium for Sound
Answer: Sound cannot travel through vacuum; MUST travel through a
medium
●● Sound Wave Direction
Answer: Sound travels in a straight line
●● Longitudinal Waves
Answer: Sound waves are longitudinal
●● Acoustic Waves
Answer: Sound waves are also referred to as acoustic waves
●● Acoustic Variables
,Answer: [ Pressure, Density, & Distance ] Used to distinguish between
sound waves and other types of waves
●● Pressure
Answer: Concentration of force in an area measured in Pascals (Pa)
●● Density
Answer: Concentration of mass in a volume measured in kg/cm3
●● Distance (particle motion)
Answer: Measure of particle motion measured in cm, ft, mile
●● Acoustic Parameters
Answer: There are seven acoustic parameters
●● Period
Answer: Time from the start of one cycle, to the start of the next cycle
measured in microseconds (μs)
●● Frequency
Answer: Number of cycles that occurs in 1 second measured in Hertz
(Hz) 'per second'
, ●● Amplitude
Answer: Difference between the minimum value & the average value of
the acoustic variable
●● Power
Answer: Rate of energy transfer measured in Watts (W)
●● Wavelength
Answer: Distance or length of one complete cycle measured in mm,
meters, any unit of length
●● Propagation Speed
Answer: Rate at which a sound wave travels through a medium
measured in m/s, mm/μs
●● Wavelength Formula
Answer: wavelength = 1.54 mm/μs
●● Sound Speed Order
Answer: Sound travels fastest in solids, slower in liquids, & slowest in
gases. Order from fastest →slowest: Bone →Tendon →Muscle →Blood
→Liver
INSTRUMENTATION ARDMS SPI EXAM
SCRIPT COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
●● Unrelated
Answer: Not associated or connected
●● Directly Related or Proportional
Answer: 2 or more items associated AND connected; (1 item ↑, the other
↑)
●● Intensity
Answer: Intensity is proportional to Power. Intensity AND Power are
proportional to Amplitude2
●● Inversely Related
Answer: 2 or more items associated AND connected; (1 item ↑, the other
↓)
●● Period & Frequency
Answer: Period & Frequency are inversely related. Period ↑ Frequency ↓
,●● Reciprocal
Answer: 2 numbers multiplied (ｘ) the result (=) is one (↿) *Reciprocals
are also inversely related; 1 item ↑, the other ↓*
●● Sound Waves
Answer: All waves carry energy from one location to another. Sound is a
mechanical wave
●● Medium for Sound
Answer: Sound cannot travel through vacuum; MUST travel through a
medium
●● Sound Wave Direction
Answer: Sound travels in a straight line
●● Longitudinal Waves
Answer: Sound waves are longitudinal
●● Acoustic Waves
Answer: Sound waves are also referred to as acoustic waves
●● Acoustic Variables
,Answer: [ Pressure, Density, & Distance ] Used to distinguish between
sound waves and other types of waves
●● Pressure
Answer: Concentration of force in an area measured in Pascals (Pa)
●● Density
Answer: Concentration of mass in a volume measured in kg/cm3
●● Distance (particle motion)
Answer: Measure of particle motion measured in cm, ft, mile
●● Acoustic Parameters
Answer: There are seven acoustic parameters
●● Period
Answer: Time from the start of one cycle, to the start of the next cycle
measured in microseconds (μs)
●● Frequency
Answer: Number of cycles that occurs in 1 second measured in Hertz
(Hz) 'per second'
, ●● Amplitude
Answer: Difference between the minimum value & the average value of
the acoustic variable
●● Power
Answer: Rate of energy transfer measured in Watts (W)
●● Wavelength
Answer: Distance or length of one complete cycle measured in mm,
meters, any unit of length
●● Propagation Speed
Answer: Rate at which a sound wave travels through a medium
measured in m/s, mm/μs
●● Wavelength Formula
Answer: wavelength = 1.54 mm/μs
●● Sound Speed Order
Answer: Sound travels fastest in solids, slower in liquids, & slowest in
gases. Order from fastest →slowest: Bone →Tendon →Muscle →Blood
→Liver
