POPM 3240 Exam -3,4 -Pre Questions
with Correct Answers 2026/2027
Updated.
Epidemiology - Answer Frequency (how often), distribution (where/when is it happening) and
determinants (why) of health and disease in populations
application to control health problems
Health - Answer physical mental and social wellbeing
Absence of disease
Disease - Answer physiological/psychological dysfunction - (subjective)
Finite abnormality of structure of function with an identificable pathological or clinico-
pathological basis (objective)
Determinant - Answer Any factor when altered produces change in frequency or
characteristics of disease
(exposure, risk factor, independent, predictor or explanatory variable)
Outcome of interest - Answer response or dependent variable (disease, health, immune
status, pregnancy)
Determinant + outcome example... - Answer Determinant: do they have parachute
Outcome: Survival
Mad Cow Disease - Answer Dr. John Wildesmith
-1985 --> 1st case
-1987 --> epidemiological studies start
, Mad Cow Disease origin... - Answer Infectious material (brain, spinal cord, tonsils, eyes, small
intestine) --> rendering plant--> meat and bone meal--> feed mill--> fed to ruminants --> BSE
infected cow --> dies or sent to slaughter--> ends up as possible vCJD disease
Primary Intervention- Prevention of Mad Cow disease - Answer SRM removal 2003 (banned
letting humans have infected material )
Ruminant MBM Ban to ruminants 1997 (banned feeding meat and bone meal to ruminants)
Epidemiological Triad (disease causes) - Answer Host, Agent, Environment all factor for disease
Factors that can tip towards disease... - Answer Stress/lack of eating
Host - Answer Age, gender or sex, breed and species (genotypic and phenotypic), physiologic
state, etc.)
Agent - Answer Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, etc.
Environment - Answer Air, water, soil, rainfall, etc.
Foodborne diseases example - Answer very young unclean, very old compromised immune
system, women pregnancy, jewish gastrointestinal illness from tapeworm cafiltafish
0-9
20-24
for gastrointestinal illness - Answer 0-9 immunocompromised
20-24 away from parents cooking new food ("Second weaning)
Infectious agents types... - Answer Bacteria
Parasites
Viruses
Fungi
Prions (protein infectious particles)
with Correct Answers 2026/2027
Updated.
Epidemiology - Answer Frequency (how often), distribution (where/when is it happening) and
determinants (why) of health and disease in populations
application to control health problems
Health - Answer physical mental and social wellbeing
Absence of disease
Disease - Answer physiological/psychological dysfunction - (subjective)
Finite abnormality of structure of function with an identificable pathological or clinico-
pathological basis (objective)
Determinant - Answer Any factor when altered produces change in frequency or
characteristics of disease
(exposure, risk factor, independent, predictor or explanatory variable)
Outcome of interest - Answer response or dependent variable (disease, health, immune
status, pregnancy)
Determinant + outcome example... - Answer Determinant: do they have parachute
Outcome: Survival
Mad Cow Disease - Answer Dr. John Wildesmith
-1985 --> 1st case
-1987 --> epidemiological studies start
, Mad Cow Disease origin... - Answer Infectious material (brain, spinal cord, tonsils, eyes, small
intestine) --> rendering plant--> meat and bone meal--> feed mill--> fed to ruminants --> BSE
infected cow --> dies or sent to slaughter--> ends up as possible vCJD disease
Primary Intervention- Prevention of Mad Cow disease - Answer SRM removal 2003 (banned
letting humans have infected material )
Ruminant MBM Ban to ruminants 1997 (banned feeding meat and bone meal to ruminants)
Epidemiological Triad (disease causes) - Answer Host, Agent, Environment all factor for disease
Factors that can tip towards disease... - Answer Stress/lack of eating
Host - Answer Age, gender or sex, breed and species (genotypic and phenotypic), physiologic
state, etc.)
Agent - Answer Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, etc.
Environment - Answer Air, water, soil, rainfall, etc.
Foodborne diseases example - Answer very young unclean, very old compromised immune
system, women pregnancy, jewish gastrointestinal illness from tapeworm cafiltafish
0-9
20-24
for gastrointestinal illness - Answer 0-9 immunocompromised
20-24 away from parents cooking new food ("Second weaning)
Infectious agents types... - Answer Bacteria
Parasites
Viruses
Fungi
Prions (protein infectious particles)
