NR565 EXAM 2: ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+|CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
1. Which of the following is a primary contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors such as
Lisinopril?
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hypokalemia
D. Pregnancy
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors are strictly contraindicated in pregnancy due to
their teratogenic effects, specifically causing fetal renal failure and skull abnormalities
(Category X).
2. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed a Beta-Blocker for hypertension. Which side
effect is the provider most concerned about masking?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypokalemia
,C. Weight gain
D. Hypoglycemic tachycardia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Beta-blockers can mask the autonomic symptoms of
hypoglycemia, specifically tachycardia and tremors, which are vital warning signs for
diabetic patients.
3. Which lab value is most critical to monitor for a patient newly started on Spironolactone?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Serum Potassium
C. ALT/AST
D. Hemoglobin A1c
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. The risk of
hyperkalemia is high, especially in patients with renal impairment or those taking ACE
inhibitors.
4. What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Prevents glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
B. Stimulates the pancreas to secrete more insulin
C. Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
, D. Delays gastric emptying
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors work by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-
transporter 2 in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
5. A patient on Warfarin has an INR of 1.5. What is the appropriate clinical action?
A. Maintain current dose and recheck in one month
B. Increase the dose and monitor closely
C. Administer Vitamin K immediately
D. Hold the dose for two days
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A therapeutic INR for most conditions is 2.0-3.0. An INR of 1.5 is
sub-therapeutic, requiring a dose increase to prevent clotting.
6. Which side effect is associated with the long-term use of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
without proper rinsing of the mouth?
A. Gingival Hyperplasia
B. Oral Candidiasis
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Permanent tooth discoloration
PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+|CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
1. Which of the following is a primary contraindication for the use of ACE inhibitors such as
Lisinopril?
A. Tachycardia
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hypokalemia
D. Pregnancy
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors are strictly contraindicated in pregnancy due to
their teratogenic effects, specifically causing fetal renal failure and skull abnormalities
(Category X).
2. A patient with Type 2 Diabetes is prescribed a Beta-Blocker for hypertension. Which side
effect is the provider most concerned about masking?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypokalemia
,C. Weight gain
D. Hypoglycemic tachycardia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Beta-blockers can mask the autonomic symptoms of
hypoglycemia, specifically tachycardia and tremors, which are vital warning signs for
diabetic patients.
3. Which lab value is most critical to monitor for a patient newly started on Spironolactone?
A. Serum Sodium
B. Serum Potassium
C. ALT/AST
D. Hemoglobin A1c
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. The risk of
hyperkalemia is high, especially in patients with renal impairment or those taking ACE
inhibitors.
4. What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors like Empagliflozin?
A. Prevents glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule
B. Stimulates the pancreas to secrete more insulin
C. Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
, D. Delays gastric emptying
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: SGLT2 inhibitors work by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-
transporter 2 in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
5. A patient on Warfarin has an INR of 1.5. What is the appropriate clinical action?
A. Maintain current dose and recheck in one month
B. Increase the dose and monitor closely
C. Administer Vitamin K immediately
D. Hold the dose for two days
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: A therapeutic INR for most conditions is 2.0-3.0. An INR of 1.5 is
sub-therapeutic, requiring a dose increase to prevent clotting.
6. Which side effect is associated with the long-term use of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
without proper rinsing of the mouth?
A. Gingival Hyperplasia
B. Oral Candidiasis
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Permanent tooth discoloration
