NSG 3850: Exam 3 Comprehensive Resource To Help You
Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions
With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Which describes the cause of incontinence?
A. Voluntary release of urine due to bladder infection only
B. Involuntary loss of urine, including neuron demyelination that impairs nerve communication
C. Excess ADH production
D. Increased bladder capacity
Rationale: Demyelination damages the myelin sheath and inhibits nerve communication to the
bladder. There are different types of incontinence.
2. Which are reversible causes of incontinence? (Select all that apply)
A. UTI
B. Drugs that cause urgency (e.g., Lasix)
C. Fecal impaction
D. Neuron demyelination
Rationale: Treating the infection, adjusting medications, or clearing the impaction can resolve
incontinence. Demyelination is not readily reversible.
3. Which changes in the older adult are expected with urinary function? (Select all that apply)
A. Decreased bladder capacity
B. Nocturia
C. More frequent urination
D. Loss of bladder control
Rationale: These changes are normal with aging, but older adults should still maintain control.
Leakage of urine is the clinical manifestation of incontinence.
4. Which describes the etiology of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)?
A. Adult onset with slow progression
B. Neonatal onset that can be fatal, with cysts on the kidney lining also present in liver tissue
,C. Bacterial infection ascending from the bladder
D. Antibodies produced in response to a virus
Rationale: ARPKD has dramatic effects on liver function, and the cysts cause tissue remodeling.
5. What are the clinical manifestations of ARPKD?
A. Smoky, coffee-colored urine
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Nondescript
D. Hematemesis
Rationale: ARPKD produces nonspecific signs, so the diagnosis depends on the history and
imaging.
6. Which are protective measures against urinary tract infections? (Select all that apply)
A. Unidirectional flow of urine
B. Acidic environment
C. Epithelial cells that create a barrier to bacteria
D. Alkaline urine
Rationale: UTIs are caused by bacteria in the bladder. Alkaline urine favors bacterial growth.
7. Which are clinical manifestations of a UTI? (Select all that apply)
A. Acute (sudden) onset urgency
B. Suprapubic pain
C. No changes to vital signs
D. Flank pain with high fever
Rationale: Flank pain and fever suggest the infection has reached the kidney (pyelonephritis).
8. Which atypical symptoms of a UTI are seen in older adults?
A. Delirium and incontinence
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Hematemesis
D. Steatorrhea
Rationale: Older adults often lack classic urinary symptoms and present with confusion or new
incontinence.
9. What happens in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
A. Cysts on the kidney lining increase in number, and most patients have cysts that spread to the
liver
B. Protein is lost in the urine
, C. Kidneys become small and atrophic from HTN
D. Stones block urine flow
Rationale: Growing cysts reduce functioning renal tissue.
10. Which value should the nurse monitor in a patient with ADPKD?
A. Serum amylase
B. GFR
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Bilirubin
Rationale: Increasing cysts cause a decrease in GFR.
11. Which are etiologies of acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
A. Renal calculi (kidney stones)
B. Anatomic abnormalities
C. Blockage that allows contaminated urine to enter the kidney
D. Gluten intolerance
Rationale: The onset is sudden.
12. Which are clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
A. Fever
B. Nausea and vomiting
C. Flank pain
D. Smoky, coffee-colored urine
Rationale: Smoky urine is characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis.
13. What causes chronic pyelonephritis?
A. Backflow of infected urine and obstruction that allows bacterial growth
B. Autoimmune destruction of glomeruli
C. Protein loss in urine
D. Cyst formation
Rationale: Repeated infection with obstruction or reflux damages the kidney over time.
14. The clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis are:
A. Sudden high fever and severe flank pain
B. Vague and inconsistent, but similar to acute
C. Painless hematuria only
D. Absent entirely
Rationale: Chronic disease is subtle, unlike the sudden onset of the acute form.
Ace 2026-2027 Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions
With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Which describes the cause of incontinence?
A. Voluntary release of urine due to bladder infection only
B. Involuntary loss of urine, including neuron demyelination that impairs nerve communication
C. Excess ADH production
D. Increased bladder capacity
Rationale: Demyelination damages the myelin sheath and inhibits nerve communication to the
bladder. There are different types of incontinence.
2. Which are reversible causes of incontinence? (Select all that apply)
A. UTI
B. Drugs that cause urgency (e.g., Lasix)
C. Fecal impaction
D. Neuron demyelination
Rationale: Treating the infection, adjusting medications, or clearing the impaction can resolve
incontinence. Demyelination is not readily reversible.
3. Which changes in the older adult are expected with urinary function? (Select all that apply)
A. Decreased bladder capacity
B. Nocturia
C. More frequent urination
D. Loss of bladder control
Rationale: These changes are normal with aging, but older adults should still maintain control.
Leakage of urine is the clinical manifestation of incontinence.
4. Which describes the etiology of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)?
A. Adult onset with slow progression
B. Neonatal onset that can be fatal, with cysts on the kidney lining also present in liver tissue
,C. Bacterial infection ascending from the bladder
D. Antibodies produced in response to a virus
Rationale: ARPKD has dramatic effects on liver function, and the cysts cause tissue remodeling.
5. What are the clinical manifestations of ARPKD?
A. Smoky, coffee-colored urine
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Nondescript
D. Hematemesis
Rationale: ARPKD produces nonspecific signs, so the diagnosis depends on the history and
imaging.
6. Which are protective measures against urinary tract infections? (Select all that apply)
A. Unidirectional flow of urine
B. Acidic environment
C. Epithelial cells that create a barrier to bacteria
D. Alkaline urine
Rationale: UTIs are caused by bacteria in the bladder. Alkaline urine favors bacterial growth.
7. Which are clinical manifestations of a UTI? (Select all that apply)
A. Acute (sudden) onset urgency
B. Suprapubic pain
C. No changes to vital signs
D. Flank pain with high fever
Rationale: Flank pain and fever suggest the infection has reached the kidney (pyelonephritis).
8. Which atypical symptoms of a UTI are seen in older adults?
A. Delirium and incontinence
B. Flank pain and fever
C. Hematemesis
D. Steatorrhea
Rationale: Older adults often lack classic urinary symptoms and present with confusion or new
incontinence.
9. What happens in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
A. Cysts on the kidney lining increase in number, and most patients have cysts that spread to the
liver
B. Protein is lost in the urine
, C. Kidneys become small and atrophic from HTN
D. Stones block urine flow
Rationale: Growing cysts reduce functioning renal tissue.
10. Which value should the nurse monitor in a patient with ADPKD?
A. Serum amylase
B. GFR
C. Hemoglobin A1c
D. Bilirubin
Rationale: Increasing cysts cause a decrease in GFR.
11. Which are etiologies of acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
A. Renal calculi (kidney stones)
B. Anatomic abnormalities
C. Blockage that allows contaminated urine to enter the kidney
D. Gluten intolerance
Rationale: The onset is sudden.
12. Which are clinical manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
A. Fever
B. Nausea and vomiting
C. Flank pain
D. Smoky, coffee-colored urine
Rationale: Smoky urine is characteristic of acute glomerulonephritis.
13. What causes chronic pyelonephritis?
A. Backflow of infected urine and obstruction that allows bacterial growth
B. Autoimmune destruction of glomeruli
C. Protein loss in urine
D. Cyst formation
Rationale: Repeated infection with obstruction or reflux damages the kidney over time.
14. The clinical manifestations of chronic pyelonephritis are:
A. Sudden high fever and severe flank pain
B. Vague and inconsistent, but similar to acute
C. Painless hematuria only
D. Absent entirely
Rationale: Chronic disease is subtle, unlike the sudden onset of the acute form.
