BIOD 210 FINAL EXAM | NEWEST VERSION | UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
• What nitrogenous bases are purines -✓✓ANSWER: Adenine and Guanine
• What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? -✓✓ANSWER: cytosine, thymine,
uracil
• How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? -✓✓ANSWER:
purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
• What are the differences between DNA and RNA? -✓✓ANSWER: DNA: double
stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2'
Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C
• Nucleoside vs Nucleotide -✓✓ANSWER: nucleoside: pentose sugar +
nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
• What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? -✓✓ANSWER: Phosphodiester
bonds
• What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? -
✓✓ANSWER: 1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
,3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information
• Where are chromosomes located? -✓✓ANSWER: cell's nucleus
• what is a centrosome? -✓✓ANSWER: location in the cell that contains centrioles
• What are centrioles? -✓✓ANSWER: microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell
• How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? -✓✓ANSWER: 2
centrioles/1 centrosome
• How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell
typically have? -✓✓ANSWER: 2 copies
• what are homologous chromosomes? -✓✓ANSWER: copies of the same type of
DNA
• What are non-homologous chromosomes? -✓✓ANSWER: copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
• What is mitosis? -✓✓ANSWER: cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
• What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? -✓✓ANSWER: interphase, prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
, • What happens during mitosis interphase? -✓✓ANSWER: mitosis stage that the
cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
• What happens during interphase s-phase? -✓✓ANSWER: Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication
occurs (still uncondensed)
• What happens during mitosis prophase? -✓✓ANSWER: centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a
kinetochore that attracts mitotic spindle fibers
• What happens during mitosis prometaphase? -✓✓ANSWER: centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the
kinetochore
• What happens during mitosis metaphase -✓✓ANSWER: all chromosomes are
lined up on the metaphase plate
• What happens during mitosis Anaphase? -✓✓ANSWER: mitotic spindle fibers
pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
• What nitrogenous bases are purines -✓✓ANSWER: Adenine and Guanine
• What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? -✓✓ANSWER: cytosine, thymine,
uracil
• How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? -✓✓ANSWER:
purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
• What are the differences between DNA and RNA? -✓✓ANSWER: DNA: double
stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2' carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the 2'
Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C
• Nucleoside vs Nucleotide -✓✓ANSWER: nucleoside: pentose sugar +
nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
• What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? -✓✓ANSWER: Phosphodiester
bonds
• What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? -
✓✓ANSWER: 1.) Must contain important info to encode hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
,3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information
• Where are chromosomes located? -✓✓ANSWER: cell's nucleus
• what is a centrosome? -✓✓ANSWER: location in the cell that contains centrioles
• What are centrioles? -✓✓ANSWER: microtubules that produce mitotic spindle
fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton of the cell
• How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? -✓✓ANSWER: 2
centrioles/1 centrosome
• How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic cell
typically have? -✓✓ANSWER: 2 copies
• what are homologous chromosomes? -✓✓ANSWER: copies of the same type of
DNA
• What are non-homologous chromosomes? -✓✓ANSWER: copies of different
chromosomes with different DNA
• What is mitosis? -✓✓ANSWER: cell division of one cell into 2 exact duplicates
• What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? -✓✓ANSWER: interphase, prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis
, • What happens during mitosis interphase? -✓✓ANSWER: mitosis stage that the
cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
• What happens during interphase s-phase? -✓✓ANSWER: Centrosome
replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and chromosome replication
occurs (still uncondensed)
• What happens during mitosis prophase? -✓✓ANSWER: centrioles move to
opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
nuclear membrane breaks down
chromatin (DNA) condenses into chromosomes (the "x"'s); bound by a
kinetochore that attracts mitotic spindle fibers
• What happens during mitosis prometaphase? -✓✓ANSWER: centrioles have
reached polar regions and mitotic spindle fibers have connected to the
kinetochore
• What happens during mitosis metaphase -✓✓ANSWER: all chromosomes are
lined up on the metaphase plate
• What happens during mitosis Anaphase? -✓✓ANSWER: mitotic spindle fibers
pull chromosomes apart into chromatids (4n)
