NU 136 EXAM 2: FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING |
UPDATED ACTUAL | COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS,
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS
• Adventitious sounds -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormal breath sounds such as crackles,
wheezes, or rhonchi.
• Olfaction -✓✓ANSWER: The sense or process of smelling.
• Nystagmus -✓✓ANSWER: Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyes.
• Vesicular sounds -✓✓ANSWER: Normal, soft, low-pitched breath sounds heard
over peripheral lung fields.
• Erythema -✓✓ANSWER: Redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion.
• Ascites -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal
cavity.
• Serosanguineous -✓✓ANSWER: Drainage composed of both serum and blood,
typically thin and pink.
• Sanguineous -✓✓ANSWER: Bloody drainage or discharge, thick and bright red.
• Pallor -✓✓ANSWER: Unusual paleness or loss of skin color.
,• Lentigines -✓✓ANSWER: Benign flat, brown macules on skin caused by sun
exposure (sunspots).
• Actinic keratoses -✓✓ANSWER: Precancerous scaly or crusty skin lesions caused
by sun damage.
• Anoxia -✓✓ANSWER: A complete absence of oxygen supply to tissue.
• Apnea -✓✓ANSWER: Temporary cessation of breathing.
• Atelectasis -✓✓ANSWER: Partial or complete collapse of a lung or lobe.
• Cyanosis -✓✓ANSWER: Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes
from inadequate oxygenation.
• Dyspnea -✓✓ANSWER: Difficult, labored, or uncomfortable breathing.
• Hypercapnia -✓✓ANSWER: Excessive carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
• Hypoxemia -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormally low level of oxygen in arterial blood.
• Hypoxia -✓✓ANSWER: Inadequate oxygen supply reaching body tissues.
• Stridor -✓✓ANSWER: High-pitched, noisy sound caused by upper airway
obstruction.
,• Tachypnea -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormally rapid breathing rate.
• Credé Maneuver -✓✓ANSWER: Manual exertion of pressure on lower abdomen
to promote complete bladder emptying.
• Cystitis -✓✓ANSWER: Inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder.
• Dysuria -✓✓ANSWER: Painful or difficult urination.
• Glycosuria -✓✓ANSWER: Excretion of glucose in the urine.
• Hematuria -✓✓ANSWER: Presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine.
• Oliguria -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormally low production of urine.
• Polyuria -✓✓ANSWER: Excessive or abnormally large volume of urine output.
• Pyuria -✓✓ANSWER: Presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine.
• Crutches: Fitting & Positioning -✓✓ANSWER: 2-3 finger widths below axilla;
elbows bent 15-30 degrees.
, • 2-Point Gait -✓✓ANSWER: Move opposite crutch and foot together
simultaneously.
• 3-Point Gait -✓✓ANSWER: Move both crutches and affected leg together, then
strong leg.
• 4-Point Gait -✓✓ANSWER: Move right crutch, left foot, left crutch, right foot
sequentially.
• Stairs with Crutches: Going Up -✓✓ANSWER: Lead with unaffected leg, then
affected leg and crutches ('Up with the good').
• Stairs with Crutches: Going Down -✓✓ANSWER: Lead with crutches and affected
leg, then unaffected leg ('Down with the bad').
• Cane: Proper Positioning & Use -✓✓ANSWER: Hold on strong side; move cane
and weak leg together forward.
• Walker: Proper Sequence -✓✓ANSWER: Push walker forward, step in with weak
leg, then strong leg.
• Sitting to Standing with Crutches -✓✓ANSWER: Hold both crutches on affected
side, push up from chair using strong leg.
• NWB (Non-Weight Bearing) -✓✓ANSWER: Affected extremity must not touch
the ground at all.
UPDATED ACTUAL | COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS,
VERIFIED ANSWERS AND STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS
• Adventitious sounds -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormal breath sounds such as crackles,
wheezes, or rhonchi.
• Olfaction -✓✓ANSWER: The sense or process of smelling.
• Nystagmus -✓✓ANSWER: Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyes.
• Vesicular sounds -✓✓ANSWER: Normal, soft, low-pitched breath sounds heard
over peripheral lung fields.
• Erythema -✓✓ANSWER: Redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion.
• Ascites -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal
cavity.
• Serosanguineous -✓✓ANSWER: Drainage composed of both serum and blood,
typically thin and pink.
• Sanguineous -✓✓ANSWER: Bloody drainage or discharge, thick and bright red.
• Pallor -✓✓ANSWER: Unusual paleness or loss of skin color.
,• Lentigines -✓✓ANSWER: Benign flat, brown macules on skin caused by sun
exposure (sunspots).
• Actinic keratoses -✓✓ANSWER: Precancerous scaly or crusty skin lesions caused
by sun damage.
• Anoxia -✓✓ANSWER: A complete absence of oxygen supply to tissue.
• Apnea -✓✓ANSWER: Temporary cessation of breathing.
• Atelectasis -✓✓ANSWER: Partial or complete collapse of a lung or lobe.
• Cyanosis -✓✓ANSWER: Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes
from inadequate oxygenation.
• Dyspnea -✓✓ANSWER: Difficult, labored, or uncomfortable breathing.
• Hypercapnia -✓✓ANSWER: Excessive carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
• Hypoxemia -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormally low level of oxygen in arterial blood.
• Hypoxia -✓✓ANSWER: Inadequate oxygen supply reaching body tissues.
• Stridor -✓✓ANSWER: High-pitched, noisy sound caused by upper airway
obstruction.
,• Tachypnea -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormally rapid breathing rate.
• Credé Maneuver -✓✓ANSWER: Manual exertion of pressure on lower abdomen
to promote complete bladder emptying.
• Cystitis -✓✓ANSWER: Inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder.
• Dysuria -✓✓ANSWER: Painful or difficult urination.
• Glycosuria -✓✓ANSWER: Excretion of glucose in the urine.
• Hematuria -✓✓ANSWER: Presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine.
• Oliguria -✓✓ANSWER: Abnormally low production of urine.
• Polyuria -✓✓ANSWER: Excessive or abnormally large volume of urine output.
• Pyuria -✓✓ANSWER: Presence of pus or white blood cells in the urine.
• Crutches: Fitting & Positioning -✓✓ANSWER: 2-3 finger widths below axilla;
elbows bent 15-30 degrees.
, • 2-Point Gait -✓✓ANSWER: Move opposite crutch and foot together
simultaneously.
• 3-Point Gait -✓✓ANSWER: Move both crutches and affected leg together, then
strong leg.
• 4-Point Gait -✓✓ANSWER: Move right crutch, left foot, left crutch, right foot
sequentially.
• Stairs with Crutches: Going Up -✓✓ANSWER: Lead with unaffected leg, then
affected leg and crutches ('Up with the good').
• Stairs with Crutches: Going Down -✓✓ANSWER: Lead with crutches and affected
leg, then unaffected leg ('Down with the bad').
• Cane: Proper Positioning & Use -✓✓ANSWER: Hold on strong side; move cane
and weak leg together forward.
• Walker: Proper Sequence -✓✓ANSWER: Push walker forward, step in with weak
leg, then strong leg.
• Sitting to Standing with Crutches -✓✓ANSWER: Hold both crutches on affected
side, push up from chair using strong leg.
• NWB (Non-Weight Bearing) -✓✓ANSWER: Affected extremity must not touch
the ground at all.
