BIOS 256 ADVANCED ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+| CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. Which of the following describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
A. The heart rate increases in response to an increase in blood pressure.
B. The velocity of blood flow is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the
vessels.
C. The stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of
blood filling the heart.
D. Parasympathetic stimulation increases the force of contraction.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Frank-Starling law states that the stroke volume of the left
ventricle will increase as the left ventricular volume increases due to the myocyte stretch
causing a more forceful systolic contraction.
2. In the cardiac cycle, the term ‘isovolumetric contraction’ refers to the phase where:
A. The atria contract to fill the remaining 20% of the ventricles.
,B. The aortic valve opens and blood is ejected.
C. Ventricular pressure rises while all valves are closed.
D. The AV valves open to allow rapid filling.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: During isovolumetric contraction, the ventricles begin to
contract, raising pressure enough to close the AV valves, but not enough to open the
semilunar valves yet; thus, volume remains constant.
3. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing the permeability of the collecting
duct to water in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
D. Angiotensin II
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ADH (Vasopressin) inserts aquaporins into the apical membrane
of the collecting duct cells, increasing water reabsorption.
4. The Bohr effect explains how which factor influences the affinity of hemoglobin for
oxygen?
A. Increased PCO2 and decreased pH decrease affinity.
, B. Increased pH increases affinity.
C. Increased temperature increases affinity.
D. Decreased 2,3-BPG decreases affinity.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Bohr effect describes the decrease in oxygen affinity of
hemoglobin in response to decreased pH (increased H+) and increased CO2, facilitating
oxygen unloading at tissues.
5. Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies during an adaptive immune
response?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Natural Killer cells
C. Helper T cells
D. Plasma cells
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Plasma cells are differentiated B-lymphocytes that actively
secrete large volumes of antibodies.
6. During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, which of the following occurs?
A. Gastrin secretion is significantly increased to speed up digestion.
B. Vagal stimulation causes a massive release of HCl.
PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+| CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. Which of the following describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
A. The heart rate increases in response to an increase in blood pressure.
B. The velocity of blood flow is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the
vessels.
C. The stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of
blood filling the heart.
D. Parasympathetic stimulation increases the force of contraction.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The Frank-Starling law states that the stroke volume of the left
ventricle will increase as the left ventricular volume increases due to the myocyte stretch
causing a more forceful systolic contraction.
2. In the cardiac cycle, the term ‘isovolumetric contraction’ refers to the phase where:
A. The atria contract to fill the remaining 20% of the ventricles.
,B. The aortic valve opens and blood is ejected.
C. Ventricular pressure rises while all valves are closed.
D. The AV valves open to allow rapid filling.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: During isovolumetric contraction, the ventricles begin to
contract, raising pressure enough to close the AV valves, but not enough to open the
semilunar valves yet; thus, volume remains constant.
3. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing the permeability of the collecting
duct to water in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
C. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
D. Angiotensin II
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ADH (Vasopressin) inserts aquaporins into the apical membrane
of the collecting duct cells, increasing water reabsorption.
4. The Bohr effect explains how which factor influences the affinity of hemoglobin for
oxygen?
A. Increased PCO2 and decreased pH decrease affinity.
, B. Increased pH increases affinity.
C. Increased temperature increases affinity.
D. Decreased 2,3-BPG decreases affinity.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Bohr effect describes the decrease in oxygen affinity of
hemoglobin in response to decreased pH (increased H+) and increased CO2, facilitating
oxygen unloading at tissues.
5. Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies during an adaptive immune
response?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Natural Killer cells
C. Helper T cells
D. Plasma cells
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Plasma cells are differentiated B-lymphocytes that actively
secrete large volumes of antibodies.
6. During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, which of the following occurs?
A. Gastrin secretion is significantly increased to speed up digestion.
B. Vagal stimulation causes a massive release of HCl.
