BIOS 256 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
II FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+| CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus but released by the posterior pituitary
gland?
A. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
B. Growth Hormone
C. Prolactin
D. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and
transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.
2. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for lipid-soluble hormones?
A. Binding to intracellular receptors to directly influence gene expression
B. Activating a second messenger system like IP3
C. Binding to cell surface receptors to activate cAMP
,D. Opening ion channels directly on the plasma membrane
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroids, cross the plasma
membrane and bind to receptors in the cytosol or nucleus to act as transcription factors.
3. What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO)?
A. High blood pressure
B. Low blood glucose levels
C. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels in tissues)
D. Increased plasma osmolarity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: EPO is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia to
stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
4. A patient with Type A+ blood can safely receive a transfusion from which of the following
donors?
A. Type O-
B. Type AB+
C. Type B+
D. Type AB-
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type O- is the universal donor and lacks A, B, and Rh antigens,
making it safe for a Type A+ recipient.
5. During the cardiac cycle, when does the majority of ventricular filling occur?
A. During atrial systole
B. During the ejection phase
C. During the isovolumetric contraction phase
D. Passively during ventricular diastole
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: About 70-80% of ventricular filling occurs passively before the
atria even contract.
6. What does the QRS complex represent on an Electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Atrial repolarization only
Answer: B
II FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+| CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus but released by the posterior pituitary
gland?
A. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
B. Growth Hormone
C. Prolactin
D. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and
transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.
2. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for lipid-soluble hormones?
A. Binding to intracellular receptors to directly influence gene expression
B. Activating a second messenger system like IP3
C. Binding to cell surface receptors to activate cAMP
,D. Opening ion channels directly on the plasma membrane
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroids, cross the plasma
membrane and bind to receptors in the cytosol or nucleus to act as transcription factors.
3. What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO)?
A. High blood pressure
B. Low blood glucose levels
C. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels in tissues)
D. Increased plasma osmolarity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: EPO is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia to
stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
4. A patient with Type A+ blood can safely receive a transfusion from which of the following
donors?
A. Type O-
B. Type AB+
C. Type B+
D. Type AB-
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type O- is the universal donor and lacks A, B, and Rh antigens,
making it safe for a Type A+ recipient.
5. During the cardiac cycle, when does the majority of ventricular filling occur?
A. During atrial systole
B. During the ejection phase
C. During the isovolumetric contraction phase
D. Passively during ventricular diastole
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: About 70-80% of ventricular filling occurs passively before the
atria even contract.
6. What does the QRS complex represent on an Electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular repolarization
D. Atrial repolarization only
Answer: B
