BIOS 256 FINAL EXAM: ADVANCED
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY IV
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+| CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. Which of the following cells in the gastric glands is responsible for the secretion of intrinsic
factor, which is essential for Vitamin B12 absorption?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. G cells
D. Mucous neck cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Parietal cells secrete both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic
factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, while G cells secrete gastrin.
,2. During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, which nerve provides the primary
parasympathetic stimulation to the stomach?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Hypoglossal nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Phrenic nerve
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) mediates the cephalic phase
by stimulating gastric glands in response to the sight, smell, or thought of food.
3. Which hormone is released by the duodenal mucosa in response to acidic chyme,
stimulating the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice?
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
B. Gastrin
C. Somatostatin
D. Secretin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Secretin is produced by the S cells of the duodenum in response
to low pH, stimulating the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize the acid.
, 4. The ‘Enterohepatic Circulation’ refers to the recycling of which substance between the liver
and the small intestine?
A. Bile salts
B. Bilirubin
C. Pancreatic amylase
D. Chylomicrons
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Bile salts are secreted into the duodenum, emulsify fats, and are
then reabsorbed in the terminal ileum to be returned to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
5. What is the primary function of the brush border enzymes located on the microvilli of the
small intestine?
A. Emulsification of lipids
B. Mechanical breakdown of cellulose
C. Final chemical digestion of carbohydrates and proteins
D. Secretory activation of pepsinogen
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Brush border enzymes like lactase, sucrase, and peptidases
perform the final step of digestion into absorbable monomers.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY IV
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
|GRADE A+| CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. Which of the following cells in the gastric glands is responsible for the secretion of intrinsic
factor, which is essential for Vitamin B12 absorption?
A. Chief cells
B. Parietal cells
C. G cells
D. Mucous neck cells
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Parietal cells secrete both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic
factor. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, while G cells secrete gastrin.
,2. During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, which nerve provides the primary
parasympathetic stimulation to the stomach?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Hypoglossal nerve
C. Glossopharyngeal nerve
D. Phrenic nerve
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) mediates the cephalic phase
by stimulating gastric glands in response to the sight, smell, or thought of food.
3. Which hormone is released by the duodenal mucosa in response to acidic chyme,
stimulating the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice?
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
B. Gastrin
C. Somatostatin
D. Secretin
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Secretin is produced by the S cells of the duodenum in response
to low pH, stimulating the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize the acid.
, 4. The ‘Enterohepatic Circulation’ refers to the recycling of which substance between the liver
and the small intestine?
A. Bile salts
B. Bilirubin
C. Pancreatic amylase
D. Chylomicrons
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Bile salts are secreted into the duodenum, emulsify fats, and are
then reabsorbed in the terminal ileum to be returned to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
5. What is the primary function of the brush border enzymes located on the microvilli of the
small intestine?
A. Emulsification of lipids
B. Mechanical breakdown of cellulose
C. Final chemical digestion of carbohydrates and proteins
D. Secretory activation of pepsinogen
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Brush border enzymes like lactase, sucrase, and peptidases
perform the final step of digestion into absorbable monomers.
