Jersey College Nutrition Midterm Review Exam
Actual 2026 Questions and Verified Answers 300
Practice Questions and Correct Answers with
Detailed Rationales 2026|2027 Latest Update
Questions 1–50: Nutrient Foundations, Carbohydrates, and
Proteins
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the six essential nutrient classes?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Phytochemicals
C. Minerals
D. Water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The six essential nutrient classes are carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
vitamins, minerals, and water. Phytochemicals are beneficial plant compounds but
are not classified as essential nutrients.
2. How many kilocalories does one gram of fat provide?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
D. 12
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-dense
macronutrient. Carbohydrates and protein each provide 4 kcal/g.
3. Which monosaccharide is known as blood sugar?
A. Fructose
,B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is the primary sugar circulating in the blood and the preferred
fuel for most cells. Fructose and galactose are other monosaccharides; sucrose is a
disaccharide.
4. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, facilitates glucose uptake into cells
and lowers blood glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose.
5. How many essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are 9 essential (indispensable) amino acids that the body cannot
synthesize in sufficient amounts and must be supplied by food.
6. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A. Glucose
B. Lactose
C. Starch
D. Glycogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactose (milk sugar) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and
galactose. Glucose is a monosaccharide; starch and glycogen are polysaccharides.
,7. What is the RDA for protein for healthy adults?
A. 0.4 g/kg
B. 0.8 g/kg
C. 1.2 g/kg
D. 2.0 g/kg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The RDA for protein for healthy adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of
ideal body weight.
8. Which of the following is a complementary protein combination?
A. Rice and beans
B. Butter and white bread
C. Apple and orange
D. Olive oil and vinegar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rice and beans together provide all essential amino acids, forming a
complete protein. This is a classic example of complementary proteins.
9. Which polysaccharide is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
A. Starch
B. Cellulose
C. Glycogen
D. Pectin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycogen is the animal storage form of carbohydrate, found primarily
in the liver and muscles. Starch is the plant storage form.
10. Which of the following is a function of protein?
A. Primary energy storage
B. Acting as enzymes and hormones
C. Serving as the body's main coolant
D. Providing the majority of dietary fiber
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins function as enzymes, hormones, structural components, and
buffers. They are not the primary energy storage form (fat is).
11. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. Maltose
B. Sucrose
C. Fructose
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fructose is a monosaccharide found in fruits and honey. Maltose,
sucrose, and lactose are disaccharides.
12. What is the primary role of glucagon?
A. Lower blood glucose
B. Raise blood glucose
C. Store fat
D. Digest protein
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by the pancreas, stimulates glycogen breakdown
and raises blood glucose levels, opposing insulin.
13. Which of the following contains all nine essential amino acids?
A. Gelatin
B. Complete protein
C. Incomplete protein
D. Complementary protein
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids in sufficient
amounts. Gelatin is an incomplete protein.
14. How many kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide?
A. 4
B. 6
Actual 2026 Questions and Verified Answers 300
Practice Questions and Correct Answers with
Detailed Rationales 2026|2027 Latest Update
Questions 1–50: Nutrient Foundations, Carbohydrates, and
Proteins
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the six essential nutrient classes?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Phytochemicals
C. Minerals
D. Water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The six essential nutrient classes are carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
vitamins, minerals, and water. Phytochemicals are beneficial plant compounds but
are not classified as essential nutrients.
2. How many kilocalories does one gram of fat provide?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 9
D. 12
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, making it the most energy-dense
macronutrient. Carbohydrates and protein each provide 4 kcal/g.
3. Which monosaccharide is known as blood sugar?
A. Fructose
,B. Galactose
C. Glucose
D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is the primary sugar circulating in the blood and the preferred
fuel for most cells. Fructose and galactose are other monosaccharides; sucrose is a
disaccharide.
4. Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, facilitates glucose uptake into cells
and lowers blood glucose. Glucagon raises blood glucose.
5. How many essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: There are 9 essential (indispensable) amino acids that the body cannot
synthesize in sufficient amounts and must be supplied by food.
6. Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A. Glucose
B. Lactose
C. Starch
D. Glycogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactose (milk sugar) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and
galactose. Glucose is a monosaccharide; starch and glycogen are polysaccharides.
,7. What is the RDA for protein for healthy adults?
A. 0.4 g/kg
B. 0.8 g/kg
C. 1.2 g/kg
D. 2.0 g/kg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The RDA for protein for healthy adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of
ideal body weight.
8. Which of the following is a complementary protein combination?
A. Rice and beans
B. Butter and white bread
C. Apple and orange
D. Olive oil and vinegar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rice and beans together provide all essential amino acids, forming a
complete protein. This is a classic example of complementary proteins.
9. Which polysaccharide is the storage form of carbohydrate in animals?
A. Starch
B. Cellulose
C. Glycogen
D. Pectin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glycogen is the animal storage form of carbohydrate, found primarily
in the liver and muscles. Starch is the plant storage form.
10. Which of the following is a function of protein?
A. Primary energy storage
B. Acting as enzymes and hormones
C. Serving as the body's main coolant
D. Providing the majority of dietary fiber
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins function as enzymes, hormones, structural components, and
buffers. They are not the primary energy storage form (fat is).
11. Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
A. Maltose
B. Sucrose
C. Fructose
D. Lactose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fructose is a monosaccharide found in fruits and honey. Maltose,
sucrose, and lactose are disaccharides.
12. What is the primary role of glucagon?
A. Lower blood glucose
B. Raise blood glucose
C. Store fat
D. Digest protein
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by the pancreas, stimulates glycogen breakdown
and raises blood glucose levels, opposing insulin.
13. Which of the following contains all nine essential amino acids?
A. Gelatin
B. Complete protein
C. Incomplete protein
D. Complementary protein
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A complete protein contains all nine essential amino acids in sufficient
amounts. Gelatin is an incomplete protein.
14. How many kilocalories per gram do carbohydrates provide?
A. 4
B. 6
