BIOL 172 Exam 1 Ch: 28, 31-34
Study Guide
Chapter 28
• Explain why taxonomically, the name Protist is no longer valid.
PROTISTA used to be a kingdom. But not anymore due to their POLYPHYLETIC
nature . Research has shown that some protists are more related to plants and animals
than other protists.
• Be familiar with the endosymbiosis theory in Eukaryotic evolution (fig. 28.2) and how red
and green algae underwent secondary endosymbiosis to give rise to other, diverse groups
Cyanobacterium consumed by HETEROTROPHIC Eukaryote= PRIMARY
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
over time membrane lost and forms 2 differen Alga (red and green)
red and green alga consumed again by eukaryotes = SECONDARY
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
The results further diversify in to plastid bearing eukaryotes.
PLASTID evolved from cyanobacterium eaten.
fig 28.2, 577
• Know the three ways in which protists obtain energy
photoautotrophs, heterotrophs (eating organic molecules), MIXOTROPHS
• Know what supergroups the animals, fungi and plants are included in
Animals: Unikonts (subgroup Opisthokonts)
Fungi: Unikonts (subgroup Opisthokonts)
Plants: Archaeplastida
• Excavates: be familiar with the examples we focused on in class and their human and ecologic
significance.
Diplomonads: Giardia. Intestinal parasite. Latches and feeds on nutrients.
PARABASALLIDS: Trichomonas. Attaches to vaginal lining and feeds. Increase STD risk
• Chromalveolates: be familiar with the examples we went over in class in terms of human
health and ecologic significance. Be familiar with the parasitic life cycle of plasmodium
Stramenopiles: include most important photosynthetic organisms.
DIATOMS take CO2, die and pump it to ocean floor= less global warming
brown algae , used in algin to thicken our foods.
Alveolates:
Apicomplexans:Eg. Plasmodium causes MALARIA.
Infected mosquito injects Plasmodium SPOROZITES via SALIVA person
Sporozites enter Liver cell, divide, become MEROZOITES, and enter BLOOD CELLS.
MEROZOITES divide (asex) and eventually break out the blood = Fever + chills
Some merozoites become GAMETES. GAmetse picked up by some other mosquito.
Gametes form zygote and eventually SPOROZITES AGAIN in mosquito= CYCLE
STARTS AGAIN.
Fig 28.10, 583
Study Guide
Chapter 28
• Explain why taxonomically, the name Protist is no longer valid.
PROTISTA used to be a kingdom. But not anymore due to their POLYPHYLETIC
nature . Research has shown that some protists are more related to plants and animals
than other protists.
• Be familiar with the endosymbiosis theory in Eukaryotic evolution (fig. 28.2) and how red
and green algae underwent secondary endosymbiosis to give rise to other, diverse groups
Cyanobacterium consumed by HETEROTROPHIC Eukaryote= PRIMARY
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
over time membrane lost and forms 2 differen Alga (red and green)
red and green alga consumed again by eukaryotes = SECONDARY
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
The results further diversify in to plastid bearing eukaryotes.
PLASTID evolved from cyanobacterium eaten.
fig 28.2, 577
• Know the three ways in which protists obtain energy
photoautotrophs, heterotrophs (eating organic molecules), MIXOTROPHS
• Know what supergroups the animals, fungi and plants are included in
Animals: Unikonts (subgroup Opisthokonts)
Fungi: Unikonts (subgroup Opisthokonts)
Plants: Archaeplastida
• Excavates: be familiar with the examples we focused on in class and their human and ecologic
significance.
Diplomonads: Giardia. Intestinal parasite. Latches and feeds on nutrients.
PARABASALLIDS: Trichomonas. Attaches to vaginal lining and feeds. Increase STD risk
• Chromalveolates: be familiar with the examples we went over in class in terms of human
health and ecologic significance. Be familiar with the parasitic life cycle of plasmodium
Stramenopiles: include most important photosynthetic organisms.
DIATOMS take CO2, die and pump it to ocean floor= less global warming
brown algae , used in algin to thicken our foods.
Alveolates:
Apicomplexans:Eg. Plasmodium causes MALARIA.
Infected mosquito injects Plasmodium SPOROZITES via SALIVA person
Sporozites enter Liver cell, divide, become MEROZOITES, and enter BLOOD CELLS.
MEROZOITES divide (asex) and eventually break out the blood = Fever + chills
Some merozoites become GAMETES. GAmetse picked up by some other mosquito.
Gametes form zygote and eventually SPOROZITES AGAIN in mosquito= CYCLE
STARTS AGAIN.
Fig 28.10, 583
