COMPREHENSIVE NURSING & MEDICAL
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAMINATION (100
QUESTION
1. Which pathophysiological mechanism is primarily responsible
for type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Variant 1)
A) Insulin resistance in peripheral target tissues
B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C) Excessive glucagon secretion by alpha cells
D) Downregulation of hepatic insulin receptors
Answer: B
2. In acute hypovolemic shock, which compensatory mechanism is
activated first to maintain blood pressure? (Variant 2)
A) Activation of RAAS
B) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system via
baroreceptors
C) Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
D) Renal conservation of bicarbonate
Answer: B
3. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is most indicative of
uncompensated metabolic acidosis? (Variant 3)
,A) pH 7.48, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 22
B) pH 7.31, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 24
C) pH 7.30, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 16
D) pH 7.45, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 26
Answer: C
4. A client with chronic heart failure presents with peripheral
edema, JVD, and hepatomegaly. This indicates: (Variant 4)
A) Left ventricular failure
B) Right ventricular failure
C) Pulmonary arterial hypertension
D) Mitral valve stenosis
Answer: B
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
tall, peaked T waves? (Variant 5)
A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
,6. Which pathophysiological mechanism is primarily responsible
for type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Variant 6)
A) Insulin resistance in peripheral target tissues
B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C) Excessive glucagon secretion by alpha cells
D) Downregulation of hepatic insulin receptors
Answer: B
7. In acute hypovolemic shock, which compensatory mechanism is
activated first to maintain blood pressure? (Variant 7)
A) Activation of RAAS
B) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system via
baroreceptors
C) Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
D) Renal conservation of bicarbonate
Answer: B
8. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is most indicative of
uncompensated metabolic acidosis? (Variant 8)
A) pH 7.48, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 22
B) pH 7.31, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 24
, C) pH 7.30, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 16
D) pH 7.45, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 26
Answer: C
9. A client with chronic heart failure presents with peripheral
edema, JVD, and hepatomegaly. This indicates: (Variant 9)
A) Left ventricular failure
B) Right ventricular failure
C) Pulmonary arterial hypertension
D) Mitral valve stenosis
Answer: B
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated
with tall, peaked T waves? (Variant 10)
A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
11. Which pathophysiological mechanism is primarily responsible
for type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Variant 11)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAMINATION (100
QUESTION
1. Which pathophysiological mechanism is primarily responsible
for type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Variant 1)
A) Insulin resistance in peripheral target tissues
B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C) Excessive glucagon secretion by alpha cells
D) Downregulation of hepatic insulin receptors
Answer: B
2. In acute hypovolemic shock, which compensatory mechanism is
activated first to maintain blood pressure? (Variant 2)
A) Activation of RAAS
B) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system via
baroreceptors
C) Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
D) Renal conservation of bicarbonate
Answer: B
3. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is most indicative of
uncompensated metabolic acidosis? (Variant 3)
,A) pH 7.48, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 22
B) pH 7.31, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 24
C) pH 7.30, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 16
D) pH 7.45, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 26
Answer: C
4. A client with chronic heart failure presents with peripheral
edema, JVD, and hepatomegaly. This indicates: (Variant 4)
A) Left ventricular failure
B) Right ventricular failure
C) Pulmonary arterial hypertension
D) Mitral valve stenosis
Answer: B
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
tall, peaked T waves? (Variant 5)
A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
,6. Which pathophysiological mechanism is primarily responsible
for type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Variant 6)
A) Insulin resistance in peripheral target tissues
B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C) Excessive glucagon secretion by alpha cells
D) Downregulation of hepatic insulin receptors
Answer: B
7. In acute hypovolemic shock, which compensatory mechanism is
activated first to maintain blood pressure? (Variant 7)
A) Activation of RAAS
B) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system via
baroreceptors
C) Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
D) Renal conservation of bicarbonate
Answer: B
8. Which arterial blood gas (ABG) result is most indicative of
uncompensated metabolic acidosis? (Variant 8)
A) pH 7.48, PaCO2 32, HCO3- 22
B) pH 7.31, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 24
, C) pH 7.30, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 16
D) pH 7.45, PaCO2 44, HCO3- 26
Answer: C
9. A client with chronic heart failure presents with peripheral
edema, JVD, and hepatomegaly. This indicates: (Variant 9)
A) Left ventricular failure
B) Right ventricular failure
C) Pulmonary arterial hypertension
D) Mitral valve stenosis
Answer: B
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated
with tall, peaked T waves? (Variant 10)
A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
11. Which pathophysiological mechanism is primarily responsible
for type 1 diabetes mellitus? (Variant 11)
