CERTIFIED DIALYSIS NURSE |ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|BRAND NEW 2026-2027
UPDATE|GRADED A+
Question 1
A patient with chronic renal failure asks the nurse why he is anemic. The nurse explains
that anemia accompanies chronic renal failure secondary to:
A. blood loss via the urine
B. renal insensitivity to vitamin A (retinol)
C. inadequate production of erythropoietin
D. inadequate retention of serum iron
CORRECT ANSWER
C. inadequate production of erythropoietin
The kidney is sensitive to oxygen saturation, and secretes erythropoietin as needed to
signal the bone marrow to make more RBC's. When the kidneys fail, erythropoietin
reduces and eventually stops being produced, causing anemia.
Question 2
Functions of kidney include:
A. formation of urine
B. regulation of body water and electrolytes
C. acid-base balance
D. all of the above
CORRECT ANSWER
D. all of the above
1
, the kidney regulates many hormonal and electrolyte functions. the major functions are:
formation of urine, regulation of body water and electrolytes, acid-base balabce,
production of erythropoietin, and production of renin
Question 3
Renal regulation of homeostasis includes:
A. excretion of metabolic waste
B. promotion of perfusion
C. secretion of anti-diuretic hormone
D. absorption of vancomycin
CORRECT ANSWER
A. excretion of metabolic waste
one of the major functions of the kidney is to remove waste products. perfusion is
supported by cardiac function and volume status, secretion of ADH is from the pituitary,
and absorption of vancomycin occurs at the tissue level- vancomycin is cleared via the
kidney.
Question 4
The three processes of urine formation include:
A. glomerular filtration, tubular filtration, and tubular secretion
B. glomerular filteration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
C. glomerular filtration, water reabsorption, excretion of sodium
D. glomerular filtration, water secretion,and sodium secretion.
CORRECT ANSWER
The formation of the urine begins with glomerular filtration- then the tubules reabsorb
or secrete electrolytes and particles.
2
, NB: the tubules do not filtrate; sodium is regulated by multiple processes and is not a
major process of the kidney funtion. water reabsorption is a function of tubular
reabsorption or secretion.
Question 5
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR):
A. equals about 180 L/day
B. equals about 125 mL/ minute
C. Is often calculated by pharmacy and intensivists for drug administration
D. All of the above
CORRECT ANSWER
D. All of the above
GFR, a good indication of renal function, equals about 180 L/day or about 125 mL/min,
and is a calculated number by critical care specialists to dose drugs. GFR is excellent
measure of current renal function.
Question 6
Renal assessment includes:
A. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. Creatinine
C. Urine output for 24 hours
D. All of the above
CORRECT ANSWER
D. All of the above
The best measure of current renal function is to measure 24-hour-urine formation, GFR,
and creatinine. These three focus on the kidney's abililty to filter, absorb and secret. This
information is found in the RIFLE study.
3
, Question 7
Blood-urea-nitrogen (BUN) is a reflection of:
A. Hydration, catabolic state and presence of blood in the gut
B. Hydration, liver function and renal clearance
C. Renal absorption of sodium, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and disseminated
intravasular coagulation (DIC)
D. Renal excretion of potassium, liver failure and fluid overload
CORRECT ANSWER
A. Hydration, catabolic state and presence of blood in the gut
- BUN is refection of the intravascular volume status; if intravascularly dehydrated; the
BUN will rise without creatinine elevation.
- If the patient has not had enough protein in their diet- the body will break down muscle
to make protein and that will release nitrogen into the blood, elevating BUN.
- Free blood in the gut (GI bleed) will also break down to protein and elevate the BUN.
Question 8
The RIFLE criteria includes the risk of renal injury. List the criteria for determining renal
risk, injury and failure:
A. Creatinine, urine output and GFR
B. Creatinine, BP and HR
C. BP, pulse pressure and GFR
D. BP, GFR and urine output
CORRECT ANSWER
A. creatinine, urine output and GFR
4
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|BRAND NEW 2026-2027
UPDATE|GRADED A+
Question 1
A patient with chronic renal failure asks the nurse why he is anemic. The nurse explains
that anemia accompanies chronic renal failure secondary to:
A. blood loss via the urine
B. renal insensitivity to vitamin A (retinol)
C. inadequate production of erythropoietin
D. inadequate retention of serum iron
CORRECT ANSWER
C. inadequate production of erythropoietin
The kidney is sensitive to oxygen saturation, and secretes erythropoietin as needed to
signal the bone marrow to make more RBC's. When the kidneys fail, erythropoietin
reduces and eventually stops being produced, causing anemia.
Question 2
Functions of kidney include:
A. formation of urine
B. regulation of body water and electrolytes
C. acid-base balance
D. all of the above
CORRECT ANSWER
D. all of the above
1
, the kidney regulates many hormonal and electrolyte functions. the major functions are:
formation of urine, regulation of body water and electrolytes, acid-base balabce,
production of erythropoietin, and production of renin
Question 3
Renal regulation of homeostasis includes:
A. excretion of metabolic waste
B. promotion of perfusion
C. secretion of anti-diuretic hormone
D. absorption of vancomycin
CORRECT ANSWER
A. excretion of metabolic waste
one of the major functions of the kidney is to remove waste products. perfusion is
supported by cardiac function and volume status, secretion of ADH is from the pituitary,
and absorption of vancomycin occurs at the tissue level- vancomycin is cleared via the
kidney.
Question 4
The three processes of urine formation include:
A. glomerular filtration, tubular filtration, and tubular secretion
B. glomerular filteration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
C. glomerular filtration, water reabsorption, excretion of sodium
D. glomerular filtration, water secretion,and sodium secretion.
CORRECT ANSWER
The formation of the urine begins with glomerular filtration- then the tubules reabsorb
or secrete electrolytes and particles.
2
, NB: the tubules do not filtrate; sodium is regulated by multiple processes and is not a
major process of the kidney funtion. water reabsorption is a function of tubular
reabsorption or secretion.
Question 5
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR):
A. equals about 180 L/day
B. equals about 125 mL/ minute
C. Is often calculated by pharmacy and intensivists for drug administration
D. All of the above
CORRECT ANSWER
D. All of the above
GFR, a good indication of renal function, equals about 180 L/day or about 125 mL/min,
and is a calculated number by critical care specialists to dose drugs. GFR is excellent
measure of current renal function.
Question 6
Renal assessment includes:
A. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
B. Creatinine
C. Urine output for 24 hours
D. All of the above
CORRECT ANSWER
D. All of the above
The best measure of current renal function is to measure 24-hour-urine formation, GFR,
and creatinine. These three focus on the kidney's abililty to filter, absorb and secret. This
information is found in the RIFLE study.
3
, Question 7
Blood-urea-nitrogen (BUN) is a reflection of:
A. Hydration, catabolic state and presence of blood in the gut
B. Hydration, liver function and renal clearance
C. Renal absorption of sodium, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and disseminated
intravasular coagulation (DIC)
D. Renal excretion of potassium, liver failure and fluid overload
CORRECT ANSWER
A. Hydration, catabolic state and presence of blood in the gut
- BUN is refection of the intravascular volume status; if intravascularly dehydrated; the
BUN will rise without creatinine elevation.
- If the patient has not had enough protein in their diet- the body will break down muscle
to make protein and that will release nitrogen into the blood, elevating BUN.
- Free blood in the gut (GI bleed) will also break down to protein and elevate the BUN.
Question 8
The RIFLE criteria includes the risk of renal injury. List the criteria for determining renal
risk, injury and failure:
A. Creatinine, urine output and GFR
B. Creatinine, BP and HR
C. BP, pulse pressure and GFR
D. BP, GFR and urine output
CORRECT ANSWER
A. creatinine, urine output and GFR
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