MSN570-MSN 570 Advanced
Pathophysiology 2026/2027 –
Questions, Answers & Complete
Study Guide 800+
Diabetes Mellitus - answers 100% correct✔✔
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate,
fat, and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin
secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin.
insulin - answers 100% correct✔✔ causes rapid
uptake, storage, and use of glucose by almost all tissues
of the body (with exception to the brain).
Insulin plays an important role in storing the excess
energy.
In the case of excess carbohydrates, insulin causes them
to be stored as ______________ mainly in the
_________________ and _______________. - answers
100% correct✔✔ In the case of excess carbohydrates,
,insulin causes them to be stored as glycogen mainly in the
liver and muscle.
Excess carbohydrates that cannot be stored as glycogen
are converted under the stimulus of insulin into
_____________ and stored in ___________________. -
answers 100% correct✔✔ fats, adipose tissue
When insulin binds to the membrane receptor, it increases
transportation of what into the cells? - answers 100%
correct✔✔ glucose
Additionally, the cell membrane becomes more permeable
to many of the amino acids, potassium ions, and
phosphate ions, causing increased transport of these
substances into the cell.
glucagon - answers 100% correct✔✔ hormone
secreted when the blood glucose concentration falls, most
important of these is to increase the blood glucose
concentration, an effect that is exactly the opposite of
insulin.
Glucagon can elevate the blood glucose concentration by
25% in about 20 minutes and therefore is called the
hyperglycemic hormone.
,what are the major effects of glucagon on glucose
metabolism? - answers 100% correct✔✔ Major
effects of glucagon on glucose metabolism are
(1) glycogenolysis (breakdown of liver glycogen) and
(2) increased gluconeogenesis (generation of glucose
from non-carbohydrate substrates).
glycogenolysis - answers 100% correct✔✔
breakdown of liver glycogen
gluconeogenesis - answers 100% correct✔✔
generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates
A fasting blood glucose above this value often indicates
diabetes mellitus or at least marked insulin resistance. -
answers 100% correct✔✔ A fasting blood glucose
(early morning) >110 mg/100 mL is the upper limit of
normal.
islets of Langerhans - answers 100% correct✔✔ cell
clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of
that organ
, what are the 3 major cells types of the islets of
Langerhans and what do they secrete? - answers 100%
correct✔✔ alpha (25%) - secrete glucagon
beta (60%) - secrete insulin
delta (10%) - secrete somatostatin
somatostatin - answers 100% correct✔✔
Somatostatin depresses the secretion of both insulin and
glucagon,
decreases the motility of the stomach, duodenum, and
gallbladder,
and decreases both secretion and absorption in the
gastrointestinal
tract.
The principal role is to extend the period over which the
food
nutrients are assimilated into the blood and decrease the
utilization
of the absorbed nutrients by the tissues, thus preventing
rapid
exhaustion of the food.
Type 1 Diabetes - answers 100% correct✔✔
Deficiency of Insulin Production by Beta Cells of the
Pancreas
Pathophysiology 2026/2027 –
Questions, Answers & Complete
Study Guide 800+
Diabetes Mellitus - answers 100% correct✔✔
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate,
fat, and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin
secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin.
insulin - answers 100% correct✔✔ causes rapid
uptake, storage, and use of glucose by almost all tissues
of the body (with exception to the brain).
Insulin plays an important role in storing the excess
energy.
In the case of excess carbohydrates, insulin causes them
to be stored as ______________ mainly in the
_________________ and _______________. - answers
100% correct✔✔ In the case of excess carbohydrates,
,insulin causes them to be stored as glycogen mainly in the
liver and muscle.
Excess carbohydrates that cannot be stored as glycogen
are converted under the stimulus of insulin into
_____________ and stored in ___________________. -
answers 100% correct✔✔ fats, adipose tissue
When insulin binds to the membrane receptor, it increases
transportation of what into the cells? - answers 100%
correct✔✔ glucose
Additionally, the cell membrane becomes more permeable
to many of the amino acids, potassium ions, and
phosphate ions, causing increased transport of these
substances into the cell.
glucagon - answers 100% correct✔✔ hormone
secreted when the blood glucose concentration falls, most
important of these is to increase the blood glucose
concentration, an effect that is exactly the opposite of
insulin.
Glucagon can elevate the blood glucose concentration by
25% in about 20 minutes and therefore is called the
hyperglycemic hormone.
,what are the major effects of glucagon on glucose
metabolism? - answers 100% correct✔✔ Major
effects of glucagon on glucose metabolism are
(1) glycogenolysis (breakdown of liver glycogen) and
(2) increased gluconeogenesis (generation of glucose
from non-carbohydrate substrates).
glycogenolysis - answers 100% correct✔✔
breakdown of liver glycogen
gluconeogenesis - answers 100% correct✔✔
generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates
A fasting blood glucose above this value often indicates
diabetes mellitus or at least marked insulin resistance. -
answers 100% correct✔✔ A fasting blood glucose
(early morning) >110 mg/100 mL is the upper limit of
normal.
islets of Langerhans - answers 100% correct✔✔ cell
clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of
that organ
, what are the 3 major cells types of the islets of
Langerhans and what do they secrete? - answers 100%
correct✔✔ alpha (25%) - secrete glucagon
beta (60%) - secrete insulin
delta (10%) - secrete somatostatin
somatostatin - answers 100% correct✔✔
Somatostatin depresses the secretion of both insulin and
glucagon,
decreases the motility of the stomach, duodenum, and
gallbladder,
and decreases both secretion and absorption in the
gastrointestinal
tract.
The principal role is to extend the period over which the
food
nutrients are assimilated into the blood and decrease the
utilization
of the absorbed nutrients by the tissues, thus preventing
rapid
exhaustion of the food.
Type 1 Diabetes - answers 100% correct✔✔
Deficiency of Insulin Production by Beta Cells of the
Pancreas
