TEST BANK
Introduction to Theories of Learning 10th Edition
by Olson All 16 Chapters
,Table of Contents
PART I Introduction to Learning
Chapter 1: What Is Learning?
Chapter 2: Approaches to the Study of Learning Chapter
3: Early Notions about Learning Chapter 4: Edward Lee
Thorndike
PART II Predominantly Functionalistic Theories
Chapter 5: Burrhus Frederic Skinner Chapter
6: Clark Leonard Hull
PART III Predominantly Associationistic Theories
Chapter 7: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Chapter 8:
Edwin Ray Guthrie Chapter 9: William Kaye
Estes
PART IV Predominantly Cognitive Theories
Chapter 10: Gestalt Theory Chapter 11:
Jean Piaget
Chapter 12: Edward Chace Tolman Chapter 13:
Albert Bandura
PART V A Predominantly Neurophysiological Theory
Chapter 14: Donald Olding Hebb
Chapter 15: Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology Chapter 16: A
Final Word
,1. Most psychologists reject dictionary definitions of learning because:
a. the definitions are too objective
b. the definitions tend to be behavioristic
c. * the definitions are nebulous
d. learning is not definable
2. The Skinnerians oppose equating the terms "reward" and "reinforcement" because:
a. * reinforcers strengthen behavior whereas rewards do not
b. organisms must invest considerable time and energy to obtain reinforcers
but notto obtain rewards
c. only reinforcers are given or received in recognition of worthy behavior
d. rewards strengthen behavior whereas reinforcers do not
3. To attribute a behavioral change to learning, the change must be all of the
followingexcept:
a. relatively permanent
b. the result of experience
c. observed in performance
d. * the result of maturation
4. We can make inferences concerning the learning process by studying:
a. * changes in behavior
b. the mind
c. acquired knowledge
d. motivational states
5. According to most learning theorists the learning process:
a. cannot be studied objectively
b. cannot be studied at all
c. * can be studied only indirectly through changes in behavior
d. can be studied directly
6. For most learning theorists, learning is thought of as a(n):
a. independent variable
b. dependent variable
c. * intervening variable
d. extraneous variable
7. Short term memory refers to:
a. learning that occurs very rapidly
b. information that is learned in a short time but is lost over a long period of time
c. remembering how to do something you have not done for awhile
d. * remembering an experience for only a short time after termination of
theexperience
8. Sensitization is:
a. the development of an awareness of the needs of other people
b. * the tendency to be more responsive to the environment following an
arousingexperience
c. the gradual formation of a strong habit
, d. the tendency to be less responsive to a stimulus after prolonged exposure to
thatstimulus
9. After entering a room and being distracted by the smell of a strong perfume, a
personeventually no longer notices it. This is an example of:
a. * habituation
b. sensitization
c. selective perception
d. avoidance conditioning
10. The following diagram exemplifies which of the following?
A. Stimulus1 -----------------> No Response
B. An arousing experience
C. Stimulus1 ---------------- > Response
a. habituation
b. * sensitization
c. selective perception
d. conditioning
11. Performance:
a. is the same as learning
b. * is the translation of learning into behavior
c. is independent of learning
d. can be either mental or behavioral
12. An unlearned response to a specific stimulus exemplifies a(n):
a. conditioned reflex
b. sensitization
c. * reflex
d. instinct
13. Which of the following terms is currently being used instead of the term instinct?
a. * species-specific behavior
b. self-motivated behavior
c. imprinting
14. The rapid formation of an attachment between an organism and an
environmental objectthat occurs during a critical period is called:
a. conditioning
b. * imprinting
c. learning
d. modeling
15. Cuckoo birds lay their eggs in the nest of other birds. This is an example of:
a. learning
b. performance
d. unlearned behavior
Introduction to Theories of Learning 10th Edition
by Olson All 16 Chapters
,Table of Contents
PART I Introduction to Learning
Chapter 1: What Is Learning?
Chapter 2: Approaches to the Study of Learning Chapter
3: Early Notions about Learning Chapter 4: Edward Lee
Thorndike
PART II Predominantly Functionalistic Theories
Chapter 5: Burrhus Frederic Skinner Chapter
6: Clark Leonard Hull
PART III Predominantly Associationistic Theories
Chapter 7: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Chapter 8:
Edwin Ray Guthrie Chapter 9: William Kaye
Estes
PART IV Predominantly Cognitive Theories
Chapter 10: Gestalt Theory Chapter 11:
Jean Piaget
Chapter 12: Edward Chace Tolman Chapter 13:
Albert Bandura
PART V A Predominantly Neurophysiological Theory
Chapter 14: Donald Olding Hebb
Chapter 15: Robert C. Bolles and Evolutionary Psychology Chapter 16: A
Final Word
,1. Most psychologists reject dictionary definitions of learning because:
a. the definitions are too objective
b. the definitions tend to be behavioristic
c. * the definitions are nebulous
d. learning is not definable
2. The Skinnerians oppose equating the terms "reward" and "reinforcement" because:
a. * reinforcers strengthen behavior whereas rewards do not
b. organisms must invest considerable time and energy to obtain reinforcers
but notto obtain rewards
c. only reinforcers are given or received in recognition of worthy behavior
d. rewards strengthen behavior whereas reinforcers do not
3. To attribute a behavioral change to learning, the change must be all of the
followingexcept:
a. relatively permanent
b. the result of experience
c. observed in performance
d. * the result of maturation
4. We can make inferences concerning the learning process by studying:
a. * changes in behavior
b. the mind
c. acquired knowledge
d. motivational states
5. According to most learning theorists the learning process:
a. cannot be studied objectively
b. cannot be studied at all
c. * can be studied only indirectly through changes in behavior
d. can be studied directly
6. For most learning theorists, learning is thought of as a(n):
a. independent variable
b. dependent variable
c. * intervening variable
d. extraneous variable
7. Short term memory refers to:
a. learning that occurs very rapidly
b. information that is learned in a short time but is lost over a long period of time
c. remembering how to do something you have not done for awhile
d. * remembering an experience for only a short time after termination of
theexperience
8. Sensitization is:
a. the development of an awareness of the needs of other people
b. * the tendency to be more responsive to the environment following an
arousingexperience
c. the gradual formation of a strong habit
, d. the tendency to be less responsive to a stimulus after prolonged exposure to
thatstimulus
9. After entering a room and being distracted by the smell of a strong perfume, a
personeventually no longer notices it. This is an example of:
a. * habituation
b. sensitization
c. selective perception
d. avoidance conditioning
10. The following diagram exemplifies which of the following?
A. Stimulus1 -----------------> No Response
B. An arousing experience
C. Stimulus1 ---------------- > Response
a. habituation
b. * sensitization
c. selective perception
d. conditioning
11. Performance:
a. is the same as learning
b. * is the translation of learning into behavior
c. is independent of learning
d. can be either mental or behavioral
12. An unlearned response to a specific stimulus exemplifies a(n):
a. conditioned reflex
b. sensitization
c. * reflex
d. instinct
13. Which of the following terms is currently being used instead of the term instinct?
a. * species-specific behavior
b. self-motivated behavior
c. imprinting
14. The rapid formation of an attachment between an organism and an
environmental objectthat occurs during a critical period is called:
a. conditioning
b. * imprinting
c. learning
d. modeling
15. Cuckoo birds lay their eggs in the nest of other birds. This is an example of:
a. learning
b. performance
d. unlearned behavior
