c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
conceptions of deviance- objectively given, normative, and positive conception -
correct answer ✅assumes that there is a general set of norms of behavior,
conduct, and conditions on which we can agree.
conceptions of deviance- subjectively given, relativist, social construction - correct
answer ✅assumes that the definition of deviance is constructed based on the
interactions of those in society
behaviors or conditions are not inherently deviant; they become so when the
definition of deviance is applied to them
critical conception - correct answer ✅argue that the normative understanding of
deviance is established by those in power to maintain and enhance their power.
We can view deviance from positive perspective or a social constructional
perspective
norms -objective - correct answer ✅Norms are rules of behavior that guide
people's actions. (three categories)
folkways, mores, laws
folkways- objective - correct answer ✅everyday norms that do not generate
much uproar if they are violated
mores- objective - correct answer ✅moral" norms that may generate more
outrage if broken.
,c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
law- objective - correct answer ✅considered the strongest norm because it is
backed by official sanctions (or a formal response). A violation of a rule
understood by majority of the group This rule may be minor,in which case the
deviant is seen as "weird but harmless," or the rule may be major, in which case
the deviant is seen as "criminal.
subjective conception - correct answer ✅According to this conception, behaviors
or conditions are not inherently deviant; they become so when the definition of
deviance is applied to them. a fruitful conceptualization, but it is also problematic
"What characteristics increase the likelihood that an individual or a behavior will
be defined as deviant?"
critical
It suggests that explorations of deviance have focused on a white, male, middle-
to upper-class understanding of society that implies that people of color, women,
and the working poor are by definition deviant. critiques the social system that
exists and creates such norms in the first place
the sociological imagination - correct answer ✅he sociological imagination
enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its
meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals
Recognize how individuals become falsely concious of their social posoitons
First lesson- can only understand his experience by locating himself within his
period, can know his own chances in life by becoming aware of all the individuals
in his circumstances Accordingly, to understand the changes of many personal
milieux we are required to look beyond them.
,c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
salad bar example - correct answer ✅one of the persistent philosophies is that of
individualism and personal responsibility. that individuals are rational actors who
weigh the costs and benefits of their actions importance of social structure to
individual behavior. A salad is only as good as the ingredients that were supplied
from the salad bar individual choice is constrained by the larger social forces of
delivery schedules
easiest reaction to deviant individuals are that they are sick, which is
pathologizing the individual-
Pathologizing - correct answer ✅putting all the responsibility on them without
considering the social structures and forces they might have experienced
theory - correct answer ✅theory helps us systematically think about deviance
Theory is what turns anecdotes about human behavior into a systematic
understanding of societal behavior.
The scientific method is a systematic procedure that helps safeguard against
researcher bias and the power of anecdotes
steps of scientific method - correct answer ✅Steps
Deductive reasoning to engage theoretical perspective Hypothesis (testable
statement)
Collect data
Analyze data, decide whether hypothesis has been supported or disproven
Revision if needed
grounded theory - correct answer ✅If a researcher is engaging in inductive
research, also starts with a research question, but in the beginning, the
, c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
researcher's theory may be what we call "grounded theory." Using qualitative
methods, such as participant observation or in-depth interviews, researcher
would collect data and analyze these data, looking for common themes Ground
up.
theory importance in crim - correct answer ✅theory can focus our attention on
this interplay and offer solutions beyond the individual and the deficit model,
which focuses on the individual (or group) in question and blames the deviance on
something broken, lacking, or deficient in him or her
Theoretical solutions to the issue of deviance are especially important as many of
our current responses to deviant behavior are based on an individualistic notion
of human nature that does not take into account humans as social beings or the
importance of social structure, social institutions, power, and broad societal
changes for deviance and deviants.
global perspective on deviance - correct answer ✅ifferent laws around the world
Laws designed to preserve ancient landmarks in greece and rome
One of the most interesting ways to examine deviance is to look at it in a cross-
cultural or global context.
It is easy to see how our understanding of deviance transcends or is impacted by
differing beliefs and experiences when we compare across borders.
there is no greater example of the relativist nature of deviance than examining the
laws of a country or region some might engage in acts knowing their behavior will
be defined as deviant, it is our bet that a good number will have no clue that their
actions are defined as deviant, at least by the laws in a differing country.
Answers (Rated A+)
conceptions of deviance- objectively given, normative, and positive conception -
correct answer ✅assumes that there is a general set of norms of behavior,
conduct, and conditions on which we can agree.
conceptions of deviance- subjectively given, relativist, social construction - correct
answer ✅assumes that the definition of deviance is constructed based on the
interactions of those in society
behaviors or conditions are not inherently deviant; they become so when the
definition of deviance is applied to them
critical conception - correct answer ✅argue that the normative understanding of
deviance is established by those in power to maintain and enhance their power.
We can view deviance from positive perspective or a social constructional
perspective
norms -objective - correct answer ✅Norms are rules of behavior that guide
people's actions. (three categories)
folkways, mores, laws
folkways- objective - correct answer ✅everyday norms that do not generate
much uproar if they are violated
mores- objective - correct answer ✅moral" norms that may generate more
outrage if broken.
,c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
law- objective - correct answer ✅considered the strongest norm because it is
backed by official sanctions (or a formal response). A violation of a rule
understood by majority of the group This rule may be minor,in which case the
deviant is seen as "weird but harmless," or the rule may be major, in which case
the deviant is seen as "criminal.
subjective conception - correct answer ✅According to this conception, behaviors
or conditions are not inherently deviant; they become so when the definition of
deviance is applied to them. a fruitful conceptualization, but it is also problematic
"What characteristics increase the likelihood that an individual or a behavior will
be defined as deviant?"
critical
It suggests that explorations of deviance have focused on a white, male, middle-
to upper-class understanding of society that implies that people of color, women,
and the working poor are by definition deviant. critiques the social system that
exists and creates such norms in the first place
the sociological imagination - correct answer ✅he sociological imagination
enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its
meaning for the inner life and the external career of a variety of individuals
Recognize how individuals become falsely concious of their social posoitons
First lesson- can only understand his experience by locating himself within his
period, can know his own chances in life by becoming aware of all the individuals
in his circumstances Accordingly, to understand the changes of many personal
milieux we are required to look beyond them.
,c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
salad bar example - correct answer ✅one of the persistent philosophies is that of
individualism and personal responsibility. that individuals are rational actors who
weigh the costs and benefits of their actions importance of social structure to
individual behavior. A salad is only as good as the ingredients that were supplied
from the salad bar individual choice is constrained by the larger social forces of
delivery schedules
easiest reaction to deviant individuals are that they are sick, which is
pathologizing the individual-
Pathologizing - correct answer ✅putting all the responsibility on them without
considering the social structures and forces they might have experienced
theory - correct answer ✅theory helps us systematically think about deviance
Theory is what turns anecdotes about human behavior into a systematic
understanding of societal behavior.
The scientific method is a systematic procedure that helps safeguard against
researcher bias and the power of anecdotes
steps of scientific method - correct answer ✅Steps
Deductive reasoning to engage theoretical perspective Hypothesis (testable
statement)
Collect data
Analyze data, decide whether hypothesis has been supported or disproven
Revision if needed
grounded theory - correct answer ✅If a researcher is engaging in inductive
research, also starts with a research question, but in the beginning, the
, c104 midterm Exam Questions and
Answers (Rated A+)
researcher's theory may be what we call "grounded theory." Using qualitative
methods, such as participant observation or in-depth interviews, researcher
would collect data and analyze these data, looking for common themes Ground
up.
theory importance in crim - correct answer ✅theory can focus our attention on
this interplay and offer solutions beyond the individual and the deficit model,
which focuses on the individual (or group) in question and blames the deviance on
something broken, lacking, or deficient in him or her
Theoretical solutions to the issue of deviance are especially important as many of
our current responses to deviant behavior are based on an individualistic notion
of human nature that does not take into account humans as social beings or the
importance of social structure, social institutions, power, and broad societal
changes for deviance and deviants.
global perspective on deviance - correct answer ✅ifferent laws around the world
Laws designed to preserve ancient landmarks in greece and rome
One of the most interesting ways to examine deviance is to look at it in a cross-
cultural or global context.
It is easy to see how our understanding of deviance transcends or is impacted by
differing beliefs and experiences when we compare across borders.
there is no greater example of the relativist nature of deviance than examining the
laws of a country or region some might engage in acts knowing their behavior will
be defined as deviant, it is our bet that a good number will have no clue that their
actions are defined as deviant, at least by the laws in a differing country.
