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FALL TERM EXAMINATION:
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
2026/2027 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS & COMPLETE
RATIONALES
## SECTION 1: HISTORY, PERSPECTIVES & RESEARCH
METHODS
**1. Which of the following is considered the "father of
psychology" for establishing the first psychology laboratory in
1879?**
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. William James
D. B.F. Skinner
**Correct answer:** Wilhelm Wundt
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**Rationale:** Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental
psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. This event
is widely regarded as the birth of psychology as a separate
scientific discipline. Freud founded psychoanalysis. James
founded functionalism. Skinner founded behaviorism.
---
**2. Which psychological perspective focuses on unconscious
conflicts and early childhood experiences?**
A. Behaviorism
B. Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
C. Humanistic
D. Cognitive
**Correct answer:** Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
**Rationale:** The psychoanalytic perspective, founded by
Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts,
repressed memories, and early childhood experiences in
shaping behavior and personality. Behaviorism focuses on
observable behavior. Humanistic focuses on self-actualization.
Cognitive focuses on mental processes.
---
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**3. Which of the following best describes the humanistic
perspective?**
A. Behavior is determined by unconscious forces
B. Behavior is shaped by environmental consequences
C. Humans are inherently good and strive for self-actualization
D. Behavior is influenced by brain chemistry
**Correct answer:** Humans are inherently good and strive for
self-actualization
**Rationale:** The humanistic perspective, championed by Carl
Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes human potential,
free will, and the innate drive toward self-actualization. It
focuses on the whole person and subjective experience.
---
**4. In an experiment, the variable that the researcher
manipulates is called the:**
A. Dependent variable
B. Control variable
C. Independent variable
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D. Confounding variable
**Correct answer:** Independent variable
**Rationale:** The independent variable is the factor the
researcher manipulates or changes. The dependent variable is
the outcome measured. Control variables are held constant.
Confounding variables are extraneous factors that may affect
results.
---
**5. Which of the following is a key advantage of correlational
research?**
A. It establishes cause and effect
B. It allows researchers to study variables that cannot be
manipulated ethically
C. It eliminates all bias
D. It requires no statistical analysis
**Correct answer:** It allows researchers to study variables that
cannot be manipulated ethically
**Rationale:** Correlational research examines relationships
between variables without manipulation. It is useful when
FALL TERM EXAMINATION:
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
2026/2027 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS & COMPLETE
RATIONALES
## SECTION 1: HISTORY, PERSPECTIVES & RESEARCH
METHODS
**1. Which of the following is considered the "father of
psychology" for establishing the first psychology laboratory in
1879?**
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Wilhelm Wundt
C. William James
D. B.F. Skinner
**Correct answer:** Wilhelm Wundt
,2 | Page
**Rationale:** Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental
psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. This event
is widely regarded as the birth of psychology as a separate
scientific discipline. Freud founded psychoanalysis. James
founded functionalism. Skinner founded behaviorism.
---
**2. Which psychological perspective focuses on unconscious
conflicts and early childhood experiences?**
A. Behaviorism
B. Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
C. Humanistic
D. Cognitive
**Correct answer:** Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
**Rationale:** The psychoanalytic perspective, founded by
Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts,
repressed memories, and early childhood experiences in
shaping behavior and personality. Behaviorism focuses on
observable behavior. Humanistic focuses on self-actualization.
Cognitive focuses on mental processes.
---
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**3. Which of the following best describes the humanistic
perspective?**
A. Behavior is determined by unconscious forces
B. Behavior is shaped by environmental consequences
C. Humans are inherently good and strive for self-actualization
D. Behavior is influenced by brain chemistry
**Correct answer:** Humans are inherently good and strive for
self-actualization
**Rationale:** The humanistic perspective, championed by Carl
Rogers and Abraham Maslow, emphasizes human potential,
free will, and the innate drive toward self-actualization. It
focuses on the whole person and subjective experience.
---
**4. In an experiment, the variable that the researcher
manipulates is called the:**
A. Dependent variable
B. Control variable
C. Independent variable
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D. Confounding variable
**Correct answer:** Independent variable
**Rationale:** The independent variable is the factor the
researcher manipulates or changes. The dependent variable is
the outcome measured. Control variables are held constant.
Confounding variables are extraneous factors that may affect
results.
---
**5. Which of the following is a key advantage of correlational
research?**
A. It establishes cause and effect
B. It allows researchers to study variables that cannot be
manipulated ethically
C. It eliminates all bias
D. It requires no statistical analysis
**Correct answer:** It allows researchers to study variables that
cannot be manipulated ethically
**Rationale:** Correlational research examines relationships
between variables without manipulation. It is useful when
