NURS 6531 ADVANCED PRACTICE
CARE OF ADULTS - FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
GRADE A+|WALDEN UNIVERSITY
1. A 68-year-old male presents with a new onset of a pansystolic murmur heard best at the
apex, radiating to the axilla. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Aortic Stenosis
B. Mitral Stenosis
C. Mitral Regurgitation
D. Tricuspid Regurgitation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Mitral Regurgitation is characterized by a holosystolic
(pansystolic) murmur heard loudest at the apex with radiation to the axilla.
2. According to the JNC 8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure threshold for initiating
pharmacological treatment in a general population patient aged 60 years or older?
A. 130/80 mmHg
B. 150/90 mmHg
C. 140/90 mmHg
,D. 160/100 mmHg
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: JNC 8 recommends a threshold of 150/90 mmHg for patients
aged 60 and older without diabetes or CKD.
3. A patient presents with a T-score of -2.6 on a DXA scan. How should the clinician classify
this result?
A. Normal bone density
B. Osteoporosis
C. Osteopenia
D. Severe Osteoporosis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Osteoporosis is defined as a T-score of -2.5 or lower. Osteopenia
is between -1.0 and -2.5.
4. Which of the following is the first-line antibiotic treatment for an uncomplicated urinary
tract infection (UTI) in a non-pregnant adult female, assuming no resistance concerns?
A. Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Doxycycline
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is a first-line agent for uncomplicated cystitis.
Fluoroquinolones like Ciprofloxacin are reserved for complicated cases or when first-line
agents cannot be used.
5. A 55-year-old patient with Type 2 Diabetes has an A1c of 8.2% despite Metformin therapy.
The patient has established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Which class of
medication should be added next?
A. Sulfonylurea
B. DPP-4 Inhibitor
C. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist with proven CVD benefit
D. Basal Insulin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ADA guidelines recommend GLP-1 RAs or SGLT2 inhibitors with
proven cardiovascular benefit for patients with established ASCVD regardless of A1c.
6. In the management of COPD, which criteria defines a ‘Group B’ patient according to the
GOLD guidelines?
A. Low risk, fewer symptoms (mMRC 0-1, CAT <10)
B. High risk, fewer symptoms
C. Low risk, more symptoms (mMRC >=2, CAT >=10)
CARE OF ADULTS - FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|
GRADE A+|WALDEN UNIVERSITY
1. A 68-year-old male presents with a new onset of a pansystolic murmur heard best at the
apex, radiating to the axilla. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Aortic Stenosis
B. Mitral Stenosis
C. Mitral Regurgitation
D. Tricuspid Regurgitation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Mitral Regurgitation is characterized by a holosystolic
(pansystolic) murmur heard loudest at the apex with radiation to the axilla.
2. According to the JNC 8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure threshold for initiating
pharmacological treatment in a general population patient aged 60 years or older?
A. 130/80 mmHg
B. 150/90 mmHg
C. 140/90 mmHg
,D. 160/100 mmHg
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: JNC 8 recommends a threshold of 150/90 mmHg for patients
aged 60 and older without diabetes or CKD.
3. A patient presents with a T-score of -2.6 on a DXA scan. How should the clinician classify
this result?
A. Normal bone density
B. Osteoporosis
C. Osteopenia
D. Severe Osteoporosis
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Osteoporosis is defined as a T-score of -2.5 or lower. Osteopenia
is between -1.0 and -2.5.
4. Which of the following is the first-line antibiotic treatment for an uncomplicated urinary
tract infection (UTI) in a non-pregnant adult female, assuming no resistance concerns?
A. Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Amoxicillin
D. Doxycycline
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is a first-line agent for uncomplicated cystitis.
Fluoroquinolones like Ciprofloxacin are reserved for complicated cases or when first-line
agents cannot be used.
5. A 55-year-old patient with Type 2 Diabetes has an A1c of 8.2% despite Metformin therapy.
The patient has established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Which class of
medication should be added next?
A. Sulfonylurea
B. DPP-4 Inhibitor
C. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist with proven CVD benefit
D. Basal Insulin
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ADA guidelines recommend GLP-1 RAs or SGLT2 inhibitors with
proven cardiovascular benefit for patients with established ASCVD regardless of A1c.
6. In the management of COPD, which criteria defines a ‘Group B’ patient according to the
GOLD guidelines?
A. Low risk, fewer symptoms (mMRC 0-1, CAT <10)
B. High risk, fewer symptoms
C. Low risk, more symptoms (mMRC >=2, CAT >=10)
