NURS 6531 EXAM REVIEW QUIZ
2026/2027 : QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS| GRADE A+|WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
1. A 68-year-old male presents with a harsh, crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur heard
best at the second right intercostal space, radiating to the carotid arteries. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Mitral Regurgitation
B. Aortic Regurgitation
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Mitral Stenosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Aortic stenosis is characterized by a mid-systolic ejection
murmur heard best at the right upper sternal border with radiation to the carotids.
2. When assessing a patient with suspected heart failure, which physical exam finding is
considered most specific for the diagnosis of left-sided heart failure?
A. Presence of an S3 gallop
B. Jugular venous distension
,C. Peripheral edema
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: An S3 gallop is a highly specific sign of ventricular filling into a
non-compliant or volume-overloaded left ventricle, often seen in heart failure.
3. A 55-year-old female with a history of hypertension presents with new-onset atrial
fibrillation. Which scoring system should the NP use to determine the necessity of
anticoagulation?
A. CURB-65
B. HAS-BLED
C. NYHA Class
D. CHA2DS2-VASc
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to estimate the risk of stroke
in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and guides the need for anticoagulation.
4. A patient is diagnosed with Stage 2 Hypertension according to the ACC/AHA guidelines.
Which of the following represents the correct blood pressure threshold for this stage?
A. 120-129 / <80 mmHg
B. 130--89 mmHg
, C. ≥140 / ≥90 mmHg
D. ≥160 / ≥100 mmHg
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Stage 2 Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of
140 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.
5. Which of the following classes of antihypertensive medications is generally contraindicated
in patients with a history of bilateral renal artery stenosis?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. Thiazide Diuretics
C. ACE Inhibitors
D. Beta Blockers
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause a sharp decline in GFR and acute renal
failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis due to the removal of efferent
arteriolar vasoconstriction.
6. A 45-year-old patient with no significant history presents for a physical. His LDL is 195
mg/dL. What is the recommended management according to the 2018 AHA/ACC multisociety
guidelines?
A. Lifestyle modifications for 6 months then recheck
2026/2027 : QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS| GRADE A+|WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
1. A 68-year-old male presents with a harsh, crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur heard
best at the second right intercostal space, radiating to the carotid arteries. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Mitral Regurgitation
B. Aortic Regurgitation
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Mitral Stenosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Aortic stenosis is characterized by a mid-systolic ejection
murmur heard best at the right upper sternal border with radiation to the carotids.
2. When assessing a patient with suspected heart failure, which physical exam finding is
considered most specific for the diagnosis of left-sided heart failure?
A. Presence of an S3 gallop
B. Jugular venous distension
,C. Peripheral edema
D. Hepatomegaly
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: An S3 gallop is a highly specific sign of ventricular filling into a
non-compliant or volume-overloaded left ventricle, often seen in heart failure.
3. A 55-year-old female with a history of hypertension presents with new-onset atrial
fibrillation. Which scoring system should the NP use to determine the necessity of
anticoagulation?
A. CURB-65
B. HAS-BLED
C. NYHA Class
D. CHA2DS2-VASc
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to estimate the risk of stroke
in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and guides the need for anticoagulation.
4. A patient is diagnosed with Stage 2 Hypertension according to the ACC/AHA guidelines.
Which of the following represents the correct blood pressure threshold for this stage?
A. 120-129 / <80 mmHg
B. 130--89 mmHg
, C. ≥140 / ≥90 mmHg
D. ≥160 / ≥100 mmHg
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Stage 2 Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure of
140 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher.
5. Which of the following classes of antihypertensive medications is generally contraindicated
in patients with a history of bilateral renal artery stenosis?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. Thiazide Diuretics
C. ACE Inhibitors
D. Beta Blockers
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: ACE inhibitors can cause a sharp decline in GFR and acute renal
failure in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis due to the removal of efferent
arteriolar vasoconstriction.
6. A 45-year-old patient with no significant history presents for a physical. His LDL is 195
mg/dL. What is the recommended management according to the 2018 AHA/ACC multisociety
guidelines?
A. Lifestyle modifications for 6 months then recheck
