,Keiser NUR 1211C Exam 3 | Basic Adult Health
Care (2026) Q&A
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering waste products from the
blood?
A) Ureter
B) Bladder
C) Nephron
D) Urethra
Correct Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering
blood and forming urine. The ureter transports urine to the bladder, the bladder
stores urine, and the urethra eliminates it from the body. Understanding nephron
function is essen tial for assessing renal disorders.
2. What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?
A) 1.003 to 1.030
B) 1.5 to 2.5
C) 135 to 145 mEq/L
D) 95 to 105 mEq/L
Correct Answer: 1.003 to 1.030
Rationale: Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.003 to 1.030, reflecting the
kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Values of 1.5 to 2.5, 135 to 145 mEq/L, and 95 to
,105 mEq/L correspond to other laboratory tests, not specific gravity. This
measurement is critical for evaluating renal function and hydration status.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin. Which
laboratory value should the nurse monitor?
A) Serum potassium
B) Hemoglobin and hematocrit
C) Serum calcium
D) Serum phosphorus
Correct Answer: Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production to treat anemia
associated with chronic kidney disease. Monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit
evaluates the response to therapy. Potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are
important but do not reflect erythro poietin effectiveness.
4. Which finding is most concerning in a patient receiving hemodialysis?
A) Fatigue after treatment
B) Hypotension during treatment
C) Mild cramping in the legs
D) Dry mouth
Correct Answer: Hypotension during treatment
Rationale: Hypotension during hemodialysis is a common but potentially serious
complication caused by rapid fluid removal. It can lead to inadequate perfusion of
, vital organs. Fatigue, cramping, and dry mouth are common but less immediately
dangerous. Close monitoring of blood pressure is essential.
5. Which laboratory value indicates severe hyperkalemia requiring immediate
intervention?
A) Potassium of 4.0 mEq/L
B) Potassium of 5.0 mEq/L
C) Potassium of 6.2 mEq/L
D) Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L
Correct Answer: Potassium of 6.2 mEq/L
Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia (potassium above 6.0 mEq/L) can cause lethal
cardiac dysrhythmias and requires immediate intervention. IV calcium gluconate
stabilizes the myocardial cell membrane. A potassium of 4.0 mEq/L is normal, and a
potassium of 3.5 mEq/L is at the low end of normal.
6. Which assessment finding indicates fluid volume excess?
A) Dry mucous membranes
B) Decreased skin turgor
C) Peripheral edema and weight gain
D) Tachycardia and hypotension
Correct Answer: Peripheral edema and weight gain
Rationale: Fluid volume excess presents with peripheral edema, weight gain,
crackles, and jugular venous distention. Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
Care (2026) Q&A
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering waste products from the
blood?
A) Ureter
B) Bladder
C) Nephron
D) Urethra
Correct Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering
blood and forming urine. The ureter transports urine to the bladder, the bladder
stores urine, and the urethra eliminates it from the body. Understanding nephron
function is essen tial for assessing renal disorders.
2. What is the normal range for urine specific gravity?
A) 1.003 to 1.030
B) 1.5 to 2.5
C) 135 to 145 mEq/L
D) 95 to 105 mEq/L
Correct Answer: 1.003 to 1.030
Rationale: Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.003 to 1.030, reflecting the
kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Values of 1.5 to 2.5, 135 to 145 mEq/L, and 95 to
,105 mEq/L correspond to other laboratory tests, not specific gravity. This
measurement is critical for evaluating renal function and hydration status.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin. Which
laboratory value should the nurse monitor?
A) Serum potassium
B) Hemoglobin and hematocrit
C) Serum calcium
D) Serum phosphorus
Correct Answer: Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Rationale: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production to treat anemia
associated with chronic kidney disease. Monitoring hemoglobin and hematocrit
evaluates the response to therapy. Potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are
important but do not reflect erythro poietin effectiveness.
4. Which finding is most concerning in a patient receiving hemodialysis?
A) Fatigue after treatment
B) Hypotension during treatment
C) Mild cramping in the legs
D) Dry mouth
Correct Answer: Hypotension during treatment
Rationale: Hypotension during hemodialysis is a common but potentially serious
complication caused by rapid fluid removal. It can lead to inadequate perfusion of
, vital organs. Fatigue, cramping, and dry mouth are common but less immediately
dangerous. Close monitoring of blood pressure is essential.
5. Which laboratory value indicates severe hyperkalemia requiring immediate
intervention?
A) Potassium of 4.0 mEq/L
B) Potassium of 5.0 mEq/L
C) Potassium of 6.2 mEq/L
D) Potassium of 3.5 mEq/L
Correct Answer: Potassium of 6.2 mEq/L
Rationale: Severe hyperkalemia (potassium above 6.0 mEq/L) can cause lethal
cardiac dysrhythmias and requires immediate intervention. IV calcium gluconate
stabilizes the myocardial cell membrane. A potassium of 4.0 mEq/L is normal, and a
potassium of 3.5 mEq/L is at the low end of normal.
6. Which assessment finding indicates fluid volume excess?
A) Dry mucous membranes
B) Decreased skin turgor
C) Peripheral edema and weight gain
D) Tachycardia and hypotension
Correct Answer: Peripheral edema and weight gain
Rationale: Fluid volume excess presents with peripheral edema, weight gain,
crackles, and jugular venous distention. Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
