NUR 314: Exam 1 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
A number of selected influences of evidence-based practice trends on nursing and
nursing care quality are explored as well as thoughts about the "next big ideas" for
moving nursing and healthcare forward. - ANSWER Understand trends in health care
and what these mean for evidence-based practice.
Evidence-based practice is the "integration of best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values." It means that when health professionals make a
treatment decision with their patient, they base it on their clinical expertise, the
preferences of the patient, and the best available evidence. - ANSWER Define
evidence-based practice as a foundation for nursing practice.
Levels of evidence are one useful way to think about what kinds of evidence are
available, how these are connected to statistical tests, and what kinds of clinical
questions each type of evidence can answer. - ANSWER Describe different levels of
evidence and how these are connected to statistics.
Descriptive or exploratory research
Correlational research
Comparative research
Case controlled and cohort studies
Experimental or randomized controlled trials
Meta-analyses - ANSWER What are the types of research?
Single studies that report frequencies, averages, and variation - ANSWER What is
descriptive or exploratory research?
Single studies that report correlation coefficients - ANSWER What is correlational
research?
Single studies that report on differences between groups using t-tests or ANOVA -
ANSWER What is comparative research?
,Single "natural experiments" that help us predict outcomes - ANSWER What is case
controlled and cohort studies?
Single studies that test cause and effect - ANSWER What is experimental or
randomized controlled trials?
Analyses of existing randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of
interventions - ANSWER What is meta-analyses?
Helps to answer questions about the nature of a problem (population or phenomenon
being studied), such as "How many people are affected?" or "What is the subjective
patient experience?" - ANSWER What are the uses for descriptive or exploratory
research?
Provide information about the relationship between factors, such as, "Is the body weight
related to the formation of pressure ulcers?" - ANSWER What are the uses for
correlational research?
Helps to answer questions about how two or more groups are different on some factor,
for example, "Does blood pressure vary between men and women?" - ANSWER What
are the uses for comparative research?
Provides information on what factors might influence or predict health outcomes, such
as "Does smoking predict lung cancer?" - ANSWER What are the uses for case
controlled and cohort studies?
Studies examine the effect of an intervention on patient outcomes. For example, "does
turning a patient every 2 hours prevent pressure ulcers?" - ANSWER What are the uses
for experimental or randomized controlled trials?
These studies combine many previous experiments on one or more interventions and
their effects on a patient outcome to answer a question such as, "What do all of the
studies on patient turning tell us about the effect on pressure ulcers?" - ANSWER What
are the uses for meta-analyses?
Descriptive or exploratory research - ANSWER This type of research evidence is best
evidence for describing problems or concerns in health care
Correlational research - ANSWER This type of research evidence is useful evidence for
beginning to understand complex health problems
Case controlled and cohort studies - ANSWER This type of research evidence is strong
preliminary evidence for examining cause and effect
, Comparative research - ANSWER Evidence from these studies may be combined with
correlational research to better describe the factors influencing health
Experimental or randomized controlled trials - ANSWER This type of research evidence
is very good evidence for examining cause and effect, especially the effect of
interventions on patient outcomes
Meta-analyses - ANSWER This type of research evidence is strongest for cause and
effect and the effectiveness of an intervention
Design and implement processes to evaluate outcomes of practice, practice patterns,
and systems of care within a practice setting, healthcare organization, or community
against national benchmarks to determine variances in practice outcomes and
population trends.
Design, direct, and evaluate quality improvement methodologies to promote safe,
timely, effective, efficient, equitable and patient-centered care.
Use research methods appropriately to:
- Collect relevant and accurate data to generate evidence for nursing practice
- Inform and guide the design of databases that generate meaningful evidence for
nursing practice
- Analyze data from practice
- Design evidence-based interventions
- Predict and analyze outcomes
- Examine patterns of behavior and outcomes
- Identify gaps in evidence for practice - ANSWER Understand the relevance of
statistics for evidence-based practice in nursing.
Efficacy - ANSWER The effectiveness of a given intervention
Evidence-based practice - ANSWER Utilizing data from reliable, scientific studies in
combination with clinical judgement and patient preferences to determine the best
course of action
Quality improvement - ANSWER Methods to improve the quality of product/service in
order to provide the best customer/patient satisfaction
Process improvement - ANSWER Methods to optimize an organizations' processes to
achieve goals more efficiently and effectively
Levels of evidence - ANSWER A ranking system used to determine the quality and
strength of results from differing types of research studies
Statistics - ANSWER The characters of a sample; the process of analyzing data for the
purpose of drawing conclusions or making inferences, especially from a sample to a
population
Complete Solutions
A number of selected influences of evidence-based practice trends on nursing and
nursing care quality are explored as well as thoughts about the "next big ideas" for
moving nursing and healthcare forward. - ANSWER Understand trends in health care
and what these mean for evidence-based practice.
Evidence-based practice is the "integration of best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values." It means that when health professionals make a
treatment decision with their patient, they base it on their clinical expertise, the
preferences of the patient, and the best available evidence. - ANSWER Define
evidence-based practice as a foundation for nursing practice.
Levels of evidence are one useful way to think about what kinds of evidence are
available, how these are connected to statistical tests, and what kinds of clinical
questions each type of evidence can answer. - ANSWER Describe different levels of
evidence and how these are connected to statistics.
Descriptive or exploratory research
Correlational research
Comparative research
Case controlled and cohort studies
Experimental or randomized controlled trials
Meta-analyses - ANSWER What are the types of research?
Single studies that report frequencies, averages, and variation - ANSWER What is
descriptive or exploratory research?
Single studies that report correlation coefficients - ANSWER What is correlational
research?
Single studies that report on differences between groups using t-tests or ANOVA -
ANSWER What is comparative research?
,Single "natural experiments" that help us predict outcomes - ANSWER What is case
controlled and cohort studies?
Single studies that test cause and effect - ANSWER What is experimental or
randomized controlled trials?
Analyses of existing randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of
interventions - ANSWER What is meta-analyses?
Helps to answer questions about the nature of a problem (population or phenomenon
being studied), such as "How many people are affected?" or "What is the subjective
patient experience?" - ANSWER What are the uses for descriptive or exploratory
research?
Provide information about the relationship between factors, such as, "Is the body weight
related to the formation of pressure ulcers?" - ANSWER What are the uses for
correlational research?
Helps to answer questions about how two or more groups are different on some factor,
for example, "Does blood pressure vary between men and women?" - ANSWER What
are the uses for comparative research?
Provides information on what factors might influence or predict health outcomes, such
as "Does smoking predict lung cancer?" - ANSWER What are the uses for case
controlled and cohort studies?
Studies examine the effect of an intervention on patient outcomes. For example, "does
turning a patient every 2 hours prevent pressure ulcers?" - ANSWER What are the uses
for experimental or randomized controlled trials?
These studies combine many previous experiments on one or more interventions and
their effects on a patient outcome to answer a question such as, "What do all of the
studies on patient turning tell us about the effect on pressure ulcers?" - ANSWER What
are the uses for meta-analyses?
Descriptive or exploratory research - ANSWER This type of research evidence is best
evidence for describing problems or concerns in health care
Correlational research - ANSWER This type of research evidence is useful evidence for
beginning to understand complex health problems
Case controlled and cohort studies - ANSWER This type of research evidence is strong
preliminary evidence for examining cause and effect
, Comparative research - ANSWER Evidence from these studies may be combined with
correlational research to better describe the factors influencing health
Experimental or randomized controlled trials - ANSWER This type of research evidence
is very good evidence for examining cause and effect, especially the effect of
interventions on patient outcomes
Meta-analyses - ANSWER This type of research evidence is strongest for cause and
effect and the effectiveness of an intervention
Design and implement processes to evaluate outcomes of practice, practice patterns,
and systems of care within a practice setting, healthcare organization, or community
against national benchmarks to determine variances in practice outcomes and
population trends.
Design, direct, and evaluate quality improvement methodologies to promote safe,
timely, effective, efficient, equitable and patient-centered care.
Use research methods appropriately to:
- Collect relevant and accurate data to generate evidence for nursing practice
- Inform and guide the design of databases that generate meaningful evidence for
nursing practice
- Analyze data from practice
- Design evidence-based interventions
- Predict and analyze outcomes
- Examine patterns of behavior and outcomes
- Identify gaps in evidence for practice - ANSWER Understand the relevance of
statistics for evidence-based practice in nursing.
Efficacy - ANSWER The effectiveness of a given intervention
Evidence-based practice - ANSWER Utilizing data from reliable, scientific studies in
combination with clinical judgement and patient preferences to determine the best
course of action
Quality improvement - ANSWER Methods to improve the quality of product/service in
order to provide the best customer/patient satisfaction
Process improvement - ANSWER Methods to optimize an organizations' processes to
achieve goals more efficiently and effectively
Levels of evidence - ANSWER A ranking system used to determine the quality and
strength of results from differing types of research studies
Statistics - ANSWER The characters of a sample; the process of analyzing data for the
purpose of drawing conclusions or making inferences, especially from a sample to a
population
