NURS 6531 ADVANCED PRACTICE
NURSING EXAM REVIEW 2026/2027
(CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
1. A 65-year-old patient presents with a harsh, midsystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur
heard best at the second right intercostal space, radiating to the carotids. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Mitral Regurgitation
B. Aortic Regurgitation
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Mitral Stenosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Aortic stenosis is characterized by a crescendo-decrescendo
systolic murmur at the right upper sternal border that often radiates to the carotid arteries.
2. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure goal for a 62-year-old patient
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. <120/80 mmHg
B. <130/80 mmHg
,C. <140/90 mmHg
D. <150/90 mmHg
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: For patients aged 18 years or older with diabetes, the JNC-8
guideline recommends a blood pressure goal of less than 140/90 mmHg.
3. Which of the following findings is most diagnostic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD) during spirometry?
A. FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.70 post-bronchodilator
B. Increase in FEV1 > 12% post-bronchodilator
C. Total Lung Capacity < 80% predicted
D. Peak Expiratory Flow rate variability > 20%
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 confirms
the presence of persistent airflow limitation, which is diagnostic for COPD.
4. A patient with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) should ideally be
started on which class of antihypertensive to provide renal protection?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. ACE Inhibitors
C. Thiazide Diuretics
, D. Beta-Blockers
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE Inhibitors (or ARBs) are preferred in patients with CKD
because they reduce intraglomerular pressure and provide renoprotective effects.
5. What is the first-line treatment for a patient diagnosed with mild-to-moderate Grave’s
disease?
A. Radioactive Iodine Ablation
B. Levothyroxine
C. Methimazole
D. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Methimazole is generally the first-line antithyroid medication
due to its lower side effect profile compared to PTU, except during the first trimester of
pregnancy.
6. A 45-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe pain, redness, and swelling in the
first metatarsophalangeal joint. What is the preferred initial pharmacological management
for this acute attack?
A. Allopurinol
B. Febuxostat
NURSING EXAM REVIEW 2026/2027
(CORRECT Q & A) SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
1. A 65-year-old patient presents with a harsh, midsystolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur
heard best at the second right intercostal space, radiating to the carotids. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A. Mitral Regurgitation
B. Aortic Regurgitation
C. Aortic Stenosis
D. Mitral Stenosis
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Aortic stenosis is characterized by a crescendo-decrescendo
systolic murmur at the right upper sternal border that often radiates to the carotid arteries.
2. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, what is the blood pressure goal for a 62-year-old patient
with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. <120/80 mmHg
B. <130/80 mmHg
,C. <140/90 mmHg
D. <150/90 mmHg
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: For patients aged 18 years or older with diabetes, the JNC-8
guideline recommends a blood pressure goal of less than 140/90 mmHg.
3. Which of the following findings is most diagnostic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD) during spirometry?
A. FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.70 post-bronchodilator
B. Increase in FEV1 > 12% post-bronchodilator
C. Total Lung Capacity < 80% predicted
D. Peak Expiratory Flow rate variability > 20%
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 confirms
the presence of persistent airflow limitation, which is diagnostic for COPD.
4. A patient with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) should ideally be
started on which class of antihypertensive to provide renal protection?
A. Calcium Channel Blockers
B. ACE Inhibitors
C. Thiazide Diuretics
, D. Beta-Blockers
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: ACE Inhibitors (or ARBs) are preferred in patients with CKD
because they reduce intraglomerular pressure and provide renoprotective effects.
5. What is the first-line treatment for a patient diagnosed with mild-to-moderate Grave’s
disease?
A. Radioactive Iodine Ablation
B. Levothyroxine
C. Methimazole
D. Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Methimazole is generally the first-line antithyroid medication
due to its lower side effect profile compared to PTU, except during the first trimester of
pregnancy.
6. A 45-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe pain, redness, and swelling in the
first metatarsophalangeal joint. What is the preferred initial pharmacological management
for this acute attack?
A. Allopurinol
B. Febuxostat
