NSG6005 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
FINAL EXAM SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(CORRECT Q & A)SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
1. A patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease is prescribed a medication that is primarily
excreted via glomerular filtration. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is most significantly
altered?
A. Volume of distribution
B. First-pass metabolism
C. Biological half-life
D. Protein binding capacity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: When renal function declines, the clearance of drugs excreted by
the kidneys decreases, which prolongs the biological half-life and increases the risk of
toxicity.
2. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is started on
Sacubitril/Valsartan. What is the primary mechanism of Sacubitril in this combination?
A. Inhibition of neprilysin to increase natriuretic peptides
,B. Inhibition of the AT1 receptor
C. Direct inhibition of renin release
D. Antagonism of aldosterone receptors
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Sacubitril is a neprilysin inhibitor. Neprilysin breaks down
natriuretic peptides; inhibiting it increases these peptides, leading to vasodilation and
natriuresis.
3. Which of the following antidepressants is most likely to cause a hypertensive crisis if
consumed with foods high in tyramine?
A. Sertraline
B. Venlafaxine
C. Bupropion
D. Phenelzine
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phenelzine is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI). MAOIs
prevent the breakdown of tyramine, which can lead to excessive norepinephrine release
and hypertensive crisis.
, 4. A patient is taking Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. They are started on Amiodarone for
rhythm control. What adjustment is typically required for the Warfarin dose?
A. Increase Warfarin dose by 50%
B. No adjustment needed
C. Discontinue Warfarin immediately
D. Decrease Warfarin dose by 25% to 50%
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone inhibits CYP2C9, which metabolizes the more
potent S-isomer of Warfarin, necessitating a significant dose reduction to prevent bleeding.
5. Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with long-term use of Proton
Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Long-term PPI use is linked to hypomagnesemia due to impaired
intestinal absorption of magnesium.
FINAL EXAM SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(CORRECT Q & A)SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED
1. A patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease is prescribed a medication that is primarily
excreted via glomerular filtration. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is most significantly
altered?
A. Volume of distribution
B. First-pass metabolism
C. Biological half-life
D. Protein binding capacity
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: When renal function declines, the clearance of drugs excreted by
the kidneys decreases, which prolongs the biological half-life and increases the risk of
toxicity.
2. A 65-year-old patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is started on
Sacubitril/Valsartan. What is the primary mechanism of Sacubitril in this combination?
A. Inhibition of neprilysin to increase natriuretic peptides
,B. Inhibition of the AT1 receptor
C. Direct inhibition of renin release
D. Antagonism of aldosterone receptors
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Sacubitril is a neprilysin inhibitor. Neprilysin breaks down
natriuretic peptides; inhibiting it increases these peptides, leading to vasodilation and
natriuresis.
3. Which of the following antidepressants is most likely to cause a hypertensive crisis if
consumed with foods high in tyramine?
A. Sertraline
B. Venlafaxine
C. Bupropion
D. Phenelzine
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phenelzine is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI). MAOIs
prevent the breakdown of tyramine, which can lead to excessive norepinephrine release
and hypertensive crisis.
, 4. A patient is taking Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. They are started on Amiodarone for
rhythm control. What adjustment is typically required for the Warfarin dose?
A. Increase Warfarin dose by 50%
B. No adjustment needed
C. Discontinue Warfarin immediately
D. Decrease Warfarin dose by 25% to 50%
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Amiodarone inhibits CYP2C9, which metabolizes the more
potent S-isomer of Warfarin, necessitating a significant dose reduction to prevent bleeding.
5. Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with long-term use of Proton
Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Long-term PPI use is linked to hypomagnesemia due to impaired
intestinal absorption of magnesium.
