NR449 QUIZ 4 LATEST UPDATE VERIFIED QUESTIONS &
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS GRADED A+
1. Which model is most commonly used to guide evidence-based practice by asking a clinical
question, acquiring evidence, appraising it, applying it, and assessing results?
A) The Iowa Model
B) The Stetler Model
C) The ACE Star Model
D) The Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model
Answer: A
Rationale:
The Iowa Model guides clinicians through identifying a practice issue, forming a team, critiquing evidence,
piloting a change, and evaluating outcomes, making it a foundational EBP process model.
2. In a PICOT question, what does the “P” represent?
A) Population
B) Problem
C) Procedure
D) Performance
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “P” in PICOT stands for population or patient problem, specifying the group or condition of interest for
the clinical question.
3. In a PICOT question, what does the “I” represent?
A) Intervention
B) Implementation
C) Indicator
D) Inquiry
Answer: A
,Rationale:
The “I” represents the intervention, treatment, or exposure being considered for the population.
4. In a PICOT question, what does the “C” represent?
A) Comparison
B) Control
C) Conclusion
D) Clinical question
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “C” represents the comparison or alternative intervention against which the intervention is evaluated.
5. In a PICOT question, what does the “O” represent?
A) Outcome
B) Objective
C) Observation
D) Organization
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “O” represents the outcome, the measurable result expected from the intervention.
6. In a PICOT question, what does the “T” represent?
A) Time
B) Treatment
C) Testing
D) Theory
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “T” represents time, indicating the duration or timeframe for measuring the outcome.
7. Which type of question best fits a PICOT format asking whether a new dressing reduces infection
rates compared with standard dressing?
2
,A) Therapy/intervention question
B) Diagnosis question
C) Prognosis question
D) Etiology question
Answer: A
Rationale:
A therapy/intervention question compares treatments to determine which produces better outcomes,
matching the PICOT structure.
8. Which type of clinical question asks about the accuracy of a screening tool?
A) Diagnosis question
B) Therapy question
C) Prognosis question
D) Meaning question
Answer: A
Rationale:
Diagnosis questions focus on how well a test or tool identifies a condition compared with a reference
standard.
9. Which type of clinical question asks about the likelihood of a future outcome in a specific
population?
A) Prognosis question
B) Therapy question
C) Diagnosis question
D) Meaning question
Answer: A
Rationale:
Prognosis questions predict the course or likelihood of outcomes over time in a defined group.
10. Which type of clinical question explores patient experiences and meanings?
A) Qualitative meaning question
B) Therapy question
C) Diagnosis question
3
, D) Prognosis question
Answer: A
Rationale:
Qualitative questions explore lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings rather than comparing
treatments.
11. What is the first step in the evidence-based practice process?
A) Ask a clinical question
B) Apply the evidence
C) Assess the outcome
D) Acquire the evidence
Answer: A
Rationale:
The EBP process begins by formulating a clear, answerable clinical question that focuses the search and
appraisal.
12. What is the purpose of acquiring evidence in EBP?
A) To locate the best available research and other evidence
B) To implement a change immediately
C) To evaluate patient satisfaction
D) To write a policy
Answer: A
Rationale:
Acquiring evidence involves systematic searching for relevant studies, guidelines, and other credible sources.
13. What does critical appraisal involve?
A) Evaluating the quality, validity, and applicability of evidence
B) Counting the number of studies
C) Summarizing all articles equally
D) Ignoring study limitations
Answer: A
Rationale:
Critical appraisal judges whether evidence is trustworthy and relevant enough to guide practice.
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DETAILED EXPLANATIONS GRADED A+
1. Which model is most commonly used to guide evidence-based practice by asking a clinical
question, acquiring evidence, appraising it, applying it, and assessing results?
A) The Iowa Model
B) The Stetler Model
C) The ACE Star Model
D) The Johns Hopkins Nursing EBP Model
Answer: A
Rationale:
The Iowa Model guides clinicians through identifying a practice issue, forming a team, critiquing evidence,
piloting a change, and evaluating outcomes, making it a foundational EBP process model.
2. In a PICOT question, what does the “P” represent?
A) Population
B) Problem
C) Procedure
D) Performance
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “P” in PICOT stands for population or patient problem, specifying the group or condition of interest for
the clinical question.
3. In a PICOT question, what does the “I” represent?
A) Intervention
B) Implementation
C) Indicator
D) Inquiry
Answer: A
,Rationale:
The “I” represents the intervention, treatment, or exposure being considered for the population.
4. In a PICOT question, what does the “C” represent?
A) Comparison
B) Control
C) Conclusion
D) Clinical question
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “C” represents the comparison or alternative intervention against which the intervention is evaluated.
5. In a PICOT question, what does the “O” represent?
A) Outcome
B) Objective
C) Observation
D) Organization
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “O” represents the outcome, the measurable result expected from the intervention.
6. In a PICOT question, what does the “T” represent?
A) Time
B) Treatment
C) Testing
D) Theory
Answer: A
Rationale:
The “T” represents time, indicating the duration or timeframe for measuring the outcome.
7. Which type of question best fits a PICOT format asking whether a new dressing reduces infection
rates compared with standard dressing?
2
,A) Therapy/intervention question
B) Diagnosis question
C) Prognosis question
D) Etiology question
Answer: A
Rationale:
A therapy/intervention question compares treatments to determine which produces better outcomes,
matching the PICOT structure.
8. Which type of clinical question asks about the accuracy of a screening tool?
A) Diagnosis question
B) Therapy question
C) Prognosis question
D) Meaning question
Answer: A
Rationale:
Diagnosis questions focus on how well a test or tool identifies a condition compared with a reference
standard.
9. Which type of clinical question asks about the likelihood of a future outcome in a specific
population?
A) Prognosis question
B) Therapy question
C) Diagnosis question
D) Meaning question
Answer: A
Rationale:
Prognosis questions predict the course or likelihood of outcomes over time in a defined group.
10. Which type of clinical question explores patient experiences and meanings?
A) Qualitative meaning question
B) Therapy question
C) Diagnosis question
3
, D) Prognosis question
Answer: A
Rationale:
Qualitative questions explore lived experiences, perceptions, and meanings rather than comparing
treatments.
11. What is the first step in the evidence-based practice process?
A) Ask a clinical question
B) Apply the evidence
C) Assess the outcome
D) Acquire the evidence
Answer: A
Rationale:
The EBP process begins by formulating a clear, answerable clinical question that focuses the search and
appraisal.
12. What is the purpose of acquiring evidence in EBP?
A) To locate the best available research and other evidence
B) To implement a change immediately
C) To evaluate patient satisfaction
D) To write a policy
Answer: A
Rationale:
Acquiring evidence involves systematic searching for relevant studies, guidelines, and other credible sources.
13. What does critical appraisal involve?
A) Evaluating the quality, validity, and applicability of evidence
B) Counting the number of studies
C) Summarizing all articles equally
D) Ignoring study limitations
Answer: A
Rationale:
Critical appraisal judges whether evidence is trustworthy and relevant enough to guide practice.
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