PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION
◉ Statistic on which reliability and validity are based.
Answer: Correlation Statistic (relationship between two individuals)
-The higher the correlation, the higher the validity
◉ Two types of reliability.
Answer: 1) Test-Retest Reliability
2) Inter-rater Reliability
◉ Test-Retest Reliability.
Answer: Used to assess the consistency of a measure from one time
to another
◉ Inter-rater Reliability.
Answer: Assesses the degree to which different raters give
consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
◉ One factor that undermines reliability and one factor that
improves reliability.
,Answer: Low precision undermines reliability and standardized
research protocol improves it
◉ Types of Validity.
Answer: 1) Construct
2) Convergent
◉ Construct validity.
Answer: The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a
particular hypothetical construct.
◉ Convergent Validity.
Answer: the measure should correlate more strongly with other
measures of the same constructs
◉ Inter-rater Reliability.
Answer: Two raters who are both observing the same thing (used
for B-Data because it is subjective)
◉ Temporal Stability.
Answer: Across time
◉ A construct.
,Answer: An abstract quality, or something we cannot see or directly
measure
◉ Factor Analytic Method.
Answer: -Analyzes correlations among questions in a test
-Identifies groups
◉ How factor analysis is related to validity.
Answer: Factor Analysis identifies groups of things that seem to have
something in common to ESTABLISH validity
◉ Funder's Second Law.
Answer: There are no perfect indicators of personality, only clues
and clues are always ambiguous
◉ Funder's Third Law.
Answer: Something beats nothing, two times out of three
◉ Correlational research.
Answer: Two variables-is there a relationship between the two?
◉ Independent and Dependent Variable.
, Answer: The basic components of experimental research
◉ Independent Variable.
Answer: Manipulated, the predictor
◉ Dependent Variable.
Answer: Measured by the experimenter, the outcome
◉ Physiognomy.
Answer: Physical attributes tell about personality (Aristotle)
◉ Phrenology.
Answer: Read the contours of the skull in order to discern
personality traits (Francis Gall)
◉ Personal Data Sheet.
Answer: -Developed by Robert Woodworth
-116 T/F items
-Used to measure neurotic symptoms, predict shell-shock, and
emotional stability
◉ MMPI.
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTION
◉ Statistic on which reliability and validity are based.
Answer: Correlation Statistic (relationship between two individuals)
-The higher the correlation, the higher the validity
◉ Two types of reliability.
Answer: 1) Test-Retest Reliability
2) Inter-rater Reliability
◉ Test-Retest Reliability.
Answer: Used to assess the consistency of a measure from one time
to another
◉ Inter-rater Reliability.
Answer: Assesses the degree to which different raters give
consistent estimates of the same phenomenon
◉ One factor that undermines reliability and one factor that
improves reliability.
,Answer: Low precision undermines reliability and standardized
research protocol improves it
◉ Types of Validity.
Answer: 1) Construct
2) Convergent
◉ Construct validity.
Answer: The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a
particular hypothetical construct.
◉ Convergent Validity.
Answer: the measure should correlate more strongly with other
measures of the same constructs
◉ Inter-rater Reliability.
Answer: Two raters who are both observing the same thing (used
for B-Data because it is subjective)
◉ Temporal Stability.
Answer: Across time
◉ A construct.
,Answer: An abstract quality, or something we cannot see or directly
measure
◉ Factor Analytic Method.
Answer: -Analyzes correlations among questions in a test
-Identifies groups
◉ How factor analysis is related to validity.
Answer: Factor Analysis identifies groups of things that seem to have
something in common to ESTABLISH validity
◉ Funder's Second Law.
Answer: There are no perfect indicators of personality, only clues
and clues are always ambiguous
◉ Funder's Third Law.
Answer: Something beats nothing, two times out of three
◉ Correlational research.
Answer: Two variables-is there a relationship between the two?
◉ Independent and Dependent Variable.
, Answer: The basic components of experimental research
◉ Independent Variable.
Answer: Manipulated, the predictor
◉ Dependent Variable.
Answer: Measured by the experimenter, the outcome
◉ Physiognomy.
Answer: Physical attributes tell about personality (Aristotle)
◉ Phrenology.
Answer: Read the contours of the skull in order to discern
personality traits (Francis Gall)
◉ Personal Data Sheet.
Answer: -Developed by Robert Woodworth
-116 T/F items
-Used to measure neurotic symptoms, predict shell-shock, and
emotional stability
◉ MMPI.
