TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
4. Radiation Quantities and Units
5. Radiation Monitoring
6. Overview of Cell Biology
7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
10. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
11. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
12. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
13. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
14. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
a.
1, 2, and 3 only
b.
2, 3, and 4 only
c.
3, 4, and 5 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
ANSWER: D
2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
a.
Ionizing radiation
b.
Nonionizing radiation
c.
Subatomic radiation
d.
Ultrasonic radiation
ANSWER: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit
of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a.
assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia they
may have.
b.
cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small
chance of biologic damage.
c.
suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic
damage.
d.
suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible
biologic damage.
ANSWER: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a.
1/10 of a sievert.
b.
1/100 of a sievert.
c.
1/1000 of a sievert.
d.
1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANSWER: C
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
1 and 3 only
c.
2 and 3 only
d.
1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a
specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a.
respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-
ray to natural background radiation received.
b.
avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c.
tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d.
refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the
referring physician.
ANSWER: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow ALARA? So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to a
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept responsibility
for patient radiation safety.
b.
patient radiation safety.
c.
Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which
individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.
d.
Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals
would have a chance of developing this disease.
ANSWER: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a.
1 only
b.
2 only
c.
3 only
d.
1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital
administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the
ALARA program?
a.
Assistant administrator of the facility
b.
Chief of staff
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
c.
Radiation Safety Officer
d.
Student radiologic technologist
ANSWER: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific x-ray
procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
1 and 3 only
c.
2 and 3 only
d.
1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
a.
Environmental
b.
Ionizing
c.
Internal
d.
Nonionizing
ANSWER: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a.
Coulomb per kilogram
b.
Milligray
c.
Millisievert
d.
Sievert
ANSWER: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need
for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used for both
radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
a.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
b.
Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging.
c.
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
d.
The Joint Commission
ANSWER: B
14. Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or
practice is justified?
a.
ALARA concept
b.
BERT method
c.
Diagnostic efficacy
d.
NEXT program
ANSWER: C
15. Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
4. Radiation Quantities and Units
5. Radiation Monitoring
6. Overview of Cell Biology
7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
10. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
11. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
12. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
13. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
14. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
a.
1, 2, and 3 only
b.
2, 3, and 4 only
c.
3, 4, and 5 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
ANSWER: D
2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes?
a.
Ionizing radiation
b.
Nonionizing radiation
c.
Subatomic radiation
d.
Ultrasonic radiation
ANSWER: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit
of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a.
assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia they
may have.
b.
cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small
chance of biologic damage.
c.
suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic
damage.
d.
suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible
biologic damage.
ANSWER: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a.
1/10 of a sievert.
b.
1/100 of a sievert.
c.
1/1000 of a sievert.
d.
1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANSWER: C
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
1 and 3 only
c.
2 and 3 only
d.
1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive from a
specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a.
respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from the x-
ray to natural background radiation received.
b.
avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c.
tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d.
refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the
referring physician.
ANSWER: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow ALARA? So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to a
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept responsibility
for patient radiation safety.
b.
patient radiation safety.
c.
Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which
individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.
d.
Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals
would have a chance of developing this disease.
ANSWER: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a.
1 only
b.
2 only
c.
3 only
d.
1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital
administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the
ALARA program?
a.
Assistant administrator of the facility
b.
Chief of staff
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition Sherer Test Bank
c.
Radiation Safety Officer
d.
Student radiologic technologist
ANSWER: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific x-ray
procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
1 and 3 only
c.
2 and 3 only
d.
1, 2, and 3
ANSWER: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
a.
Environmental
b.
Ionizing
c.
Internal
d.
Nonionizing
ANSWER: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a.
Coulomb per kilogram
b.
Milligray
c.
Millisievert
d.
Sievert
ANSWER: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the need
for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used for both
radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
a.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
b.
Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging.
c.
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
d.
The Joint Commission
ANSWER: B
14. Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or
practice is justified?
a.
ALARA concept
b.
BERT method
c.
Diagnostic efficacy
d.
NEXT program
ANSWER: C
15. Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
