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Oncology NCLEX 2026/2027 – Cancer, Chemotherapy, Radiation, HSCT, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Neutropenia & Brachytherapy Questions and Answers

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This Oncology NCLEX 2026/2027 study guide is a 21-page exam-preparation resource containing NCLEX-style multiple-choice and select-all-that-apply questions with answers and rationales on cancer prevention, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), oncologic emergencies, cancer staging and oncology nursing care. The opening section examines modifiable cancer risks such as obesity and cigarette smoking, then moves into HSCT preparation, including the high-dose chemotherapy and possible total-body radiation described in the source. The document also covers targeted therapy with nilotinib, neutropenia and the importance of monitoring for fever and infection. Oncology NCLEX 2026 A major portion focuses on chemotherapy complications and priority nursing interventions. Students review myelosuppression, infection and sepsis risk, chemotherapy-induced anorexia and diarrhea, mucositis, oral care and nutritional support. The guide recommends soft, high-protein and high-calorie foods for patients experiencing stomatitis and discusses increasing nutritional density with foods such as cheese, peanut butter and skim-milk powder. Oral-care questions distinguish nonirritating salt-water rinses and soft toothbrushes from products such as hydrogen peroxide or alcohol-containing mouthwash that the document identifies as potentially damaging to fragile oral tissue. Oncology NCLEX 2026 The document also provides high-yield review of oncologic emergencies and treatment complications. A lung-cancer scenario addresses severe hyponatremia associated in the material with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release, while a metastatic colon-cancer scenario examines tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) after chemotherapy. The source characterizes TLS by hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, emphasizing the risk of acute renal injury. Another priority concept is vesicant chemotherapy extravasation: when swelling and redness develop at the IV site, the keyed first action is to stop the chemotherapy infusion before proceeding with drug-specific extravasation management. Oncology NCLEX 2026 Cancer biology and classification are integrated with nursing application. Students review immunologic surveillance, immunologic escape, tumor angiogenesis, benign versus malignant tumors, histologic grading and clinical staging. The source describes Stage 0 as carcinoma in situ, Stage I as localized growth, Stage II as limited local spread, Stage III as extensive local/regional spread and Stage IV as metastatic disease. Histologic grading is also differentiated: Grade I cells are well differentiated, Grade II moderately differentiated, Grade III poorly differentiated and Grade IV immature or undifferentiated. Oncology NCLEX 2026 Radiation oncology receives substantial attention through questions on teletherapy, whole-brain radiation and brachytherapy. Nursing care includes protecting irradiated skin from heat and cold and avoiding potentially irritating products over the treatment field. The guide also discusses radiation-associated alopecia and patient counseling about appearance changes. For patients receiving internal radiation such as brachytherapy for cervical cancer, the material emphasizes ALARA principles and the importance of time, distance and shielding to reduce occupational radiation exposure. Oncology NCLEX 2026 The later pages broaden treatment coverage to biologic and targeted therapies and specialized chemotherapy-delivery routes. The document discusses acetaminophen in relation to flu-like symptoms associated with certain biologic therapies and distinguishes intraperitoneal, intraventricular, intravesical and intra-arterial chemotherapy. Intraperitoneal treatment is described as being delivered into the peritoneal cavity through a percutaneously placed catheter, whereas an Ommaya reservoir is associated with intraventricular administration and urinary-catheter delivery with intravesical therapy. Oncology NCLEX 2026 The final questions reinforce pain assessment, psychosocial nursing care and cancer prevention. Nursing responses during cancer diagnosis emphasize maintaining hope, demonstrating a caring attitude and listening to patient and family concerns. A patient with osteosarcoma is used to review assessment of pain quality, while the final question addresses the promotion stage of carcinogenesis, which the document describes as potentially reversible and responsive to avoidance of promoting factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and dietary fat. Overall, the resource combines oncology content knowledge with the prioritization and clinical judgment characteristic of NCLEX-style testing. Oncology NCLEX 2026 Relevant students: This document is relevant to NCLEX-RN candidates, oncology nursing students, medical-surgical nursing students, BSN and ADN students, practical nursing students and nursing students preparing for cancer-care examinations. It is particularly useful for learners reviewing chemotherapy safety, neutropenia, tumor lysis syndrome, HSCT, radiation precautions, brachytherapy, cancer staging, histologic grading, nutrition, mucositis and priority oncology nursing interventions. The uploaded source does not identify a university or academic course code, so adding either to the title would require unsupported information. Oncology NCLEX 2026 Keywords: oncology NCLEX 2026, oncology NCLEX 2027, oncology NCLEX questions and answers, NCLEX oncology questions, cancer nursing NCLEX, oncology nursing exam, oncology study guide, cancer prevention nursing, chemotherapy NCLEX questions, chemotherapy complications, myelosuppression nursing, neutropenia precautions, infection risk chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, HSCT nursing, nilotinib nursing, tumor lysis syndrome, TLS nursing, hyperkalemia tumor lysis syndrome, hypocalcemia tumor lysis syndrome, chemotherapy mucositis, stomatitis nursing, chemotherapy nutrition, vesicant chemotherapy, chemotherapy extravasation, cancer staging, Stage II cancer, Stage IV cancer, tumor grading, immunologic surveillance, tumor angiogenesis, radiation therapy nursing, teletherapy nursing, brachytherapy precautions, ALARA radiation safety, whole brain radiation, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, intraventricular chemotherapy, intravesical chemotherapy, biologic cancer therapy, targeted cancer therapy, oncology pain assessment, NCLEX cancer questions, medical surgical nursing oncology

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Oncology NCLEX 2026/2027
Exam Questions and Answers |
Already Graded A+



The nurse is teaching a wellness class to a group of women at their

workplace. The nurse knows that which woman is at highest risk for

developing cancer?

A. A woman who obtains regular cancer screenings and consumes a

high-fiber diet

B. A woman who has a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked

cigarettes for 20 years

C. A woman who exercises five times every week and does not consume

alcoholic beverages

,D. A woman who limits fat consumption and has regular mammography

and Pap screenings - ANSWER ✔✔B. A woman who has a body

mass index of 35 kg/m2 and smoked cigarettes for 20 years




Cancer prevention and early detection are associated with the following

behaviors: limited alcohol use; regular physical activity; maintaining a

normal body weight; obtaining regular cancer screenings; avoiding

cigarette smoking and other tobacco use; using sunscreen with SPF 15

or higher; and practicing healthy dietary habits (e.g., reduced fat and

increased fruits and vegetables).

The nurse is caring for an 18-year-old female patient with acute

lymphocytic leukemia who is scheduled to receive hematopoietic stem

cell transplantation (HSCT). Which statement, if made by the patient,

indicates a correct understanding of the procedure?

A. "After the transplant I will feel better and can go home in 5 to 7 days."

B. "I understand the transplant procedure has no dangerous side

effects."

C. "My brother will be a 100% match for the cells used during the

transplant."

, D. "Before the transplant I will have chemotherapy and possibly full body

radiation." - ANSWER ✔✔D. "Before the transplant I will have

chemotherapy and possibly full body radiation."




Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires eradication of

diseased or cancer cells. This is accomplished by administering higher-

than-usual dosages of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. A

relative such as a brother would not be a perfect match with human

leukocyte antigens; only identical twins are an exact match. HSCT is an

intensive procedure with adverse effects and possible death. HSCT

recipients can expect a 2- to 4-week hospitalization after the transplant.

The nurse assesses a 76-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia

receiving nilotinib (Tasigna). It is most important for the nurse to ask

which question?

A. "Have you had a fever?"

B. "Have you lost any weight?"

C. "Has diarrhea been a problem?"


D. "Have you noticed any hair loss?" - ANSWER ✔✔A. "Have you

had a fever?"

3
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