Chapter 26 – Anus, Rectum & Prostate – Questions and Answer Key with Rationales

Chapter 26; Anus, Rectum,
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Chapter 26:
Anus, Rectum, and Prostate Questions and
Answer Key, Rationalized




QUESTION
Which of these statements about the anal canal is true? The anal canal:


A) is about 2 cm long in the adult.


B) slants backward toward the sacrum.


C) contains hair and sebaceous glands.


D) is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract.


ANSWER:
D) is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract.




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Rationale
The anal canal is the outlet for the gastrointestinal tract, and it is about 3.8 cm
long in the adult. It is lined with a modified skin that does not contain hair or
sebaceous glands, and it slants forward toward the umbilicus.




QUESTION
Which of these statements about the sphincters is correct?


A) The internal sphincter is under voluntary control.


B) The external sphincter is under voluntary control.


C) Both sphincters remain slightly relaxed at all times.


D) The internal sphincter surrounds the external sphincter.




ANSWER:
B) The external sphincter is under voluntary control.


Rationale
The external sphincter surrounds the internal sphincter but also has a small
section overriding the tip of the internal sphincter at the opening. The external



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sphincter is under voluntary control. Except for the passing of feces and gas, the
sphincters keep the anal canal tightly closed.




QUESTION
The nurse is performing an examination of the anus and rectum. Which of these
statements is correct and important to remember during this examination?
A) The rectum is about 8 cm long.


B) The anorectal junction cannot be palpated.


C) Above the anal canal, the rectum turns anteriorly.


D) There are no sensory nerves in the anal canal or rectum.




ANSWER:
B) The anorectal junction cannot be palpated.


Rationale
The anal columns are folds of mucosa that extend vertically down from the
rectum and end in the anorectal junction. This junction is not palpable, but it is
visible on proctoscopy. The rectum is 12 cm long, and just above the anal canal,
the rectum dilates and turns posteriorly.




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