,NSG3332/NSG 3332 Exam 1 | Maternal-Infant
Nursing Care | South College | Q & A | 2026/2027
Edition (PDF)
1. During preconception counseling, which intervention is most effective for reducing
the risk of neural tube defects?
A) Begin folic acid supplementation before conception and continue during early
pregnancy.
B) Increase calcium intake only after pregnancy is confirmed.
C) Avoid all exercise during the first trimester.
D) Begin iron supplementation only during the third trimester.
Correct Answer: Begin folic acid supplementation before conception and continue during
early pregnancy.
Rationale: Neural tube development occurs very early in embryogenesis, often before a
person realizes pregnancy has occurred. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and
during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects such as spina
bifida. Waiting until later pregnancy misses the critical developmental period.
2. Fertilization most commonly occurs in which location?
A) Uterine fundus
B) Cervix
C) Ampulla of the fallopian tube
D) Endometrial cavity
Correct Answer: Ampulla of the fallopian tube
Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube. The
resulting zygote undergoes cellular division while traveling toward the uterus, where
implantation normally occurs several days later.
3. Which hormone surge directly triggers ovulation?
A) Progesterone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Prolactin
Correct Answer: Luteinizing hormone
Rationale: A midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone causes rupture of the mature ovarian
follicle and release of the ovum. Estrogen rises before the surge, while progesterone
increases after ovulation under influence of the corpus luteum.
, 4. Following ovulation, which structure produces progesterone during the early luteal
phase?
A) Endometrium
B) Corpus luteum
C) Placenta immediately after fertilization
D) Anterior pituitary
Correct Answer: Corpus luteum
Rationale: After ovulation, the remaining follicular tissue becomes the corpus luteum,
which secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining. If pregnancy occurs, hCG
supports the corpus luteum until placental hormone production becomes sufficient.
5. Human chorionic gonadotropin is important during early pregnancy because it:
A) Initiates fetal breathing movements.
B) Causes cervical dilation.
C) Suppresses placental development.
D) Maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion.
Correct Answer: Maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion.
Rationale: hCG is produced by trophoblastic tissue shortly after implantation. It prevents
degeneration of the corpus luteum, allowing continued progesterone production necessary
to maintain the endometrium during early pregnancy.
6. Implantation normally occurs in the:
A) Cervical canal.
B) Fallopian tube.
C) Ovary.
D) Endometrium of the uterus.
Correct Answer: Endometrium of the uterus.
Rationale: The blastocyst normally implants into the vascular endometrial lining of the
uterus. Implantation outside the uterine cavity is abnormal and may result in ectopic
pregnancy.
7. Which structure allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between
maternal and fetal circulations without normally mixing the two blood supplies
directly?
A) Amnion
B) Umbilical cord only
C) Cervix
D) Placenta
Correct Answer: Placenta
Nursing Care | South College | Q & A | 2026/2027
Edition (PDF)
1. During preconception counseling, which intervention is most effective for reducing
the risk of neural tube defects?
A) Begin folic acid supplementation before conception and continue during early
pregnancy.
B) Increase calcium intake only after pregnancy is confirmed.
C) Avoid all exercise during the first trimester.
D) Begin iron supplementation only during the third trimester.
Correct Answer: Begin folic acid supplementation before conception and continue during
early pregnancy.
Rationale: Neural tube development occurs very early in embryogenesis, often before a
person realizes pregnancy has occurred. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and
during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects such as spina
bifida. Waiting until later pregnancy misses the critical developmental period.
2. Fertilization most commonly occurs in which location?
A) Uterine fundus
B) Cervix
C) Ampulla of the fallopian tube
D) Endometrial cavity
Correct Answer: Ampulla of the fallopian tube
Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube. The
resulting zygote undergoes cellular division while traveling toward the uterus, where
implantation normally occurs several days later.
3. Which hormone surge directly triggers ovulation?
A) Progesterone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Prolactin
Correct Answer: Luteinizing hormone
Rationale: A midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone causes rupture of the mature ovarian
follicle and release of the ovum. Estrogen rises before the surge, while progesterone
increases after ovulation under influence of the corpus luteum.
, 4. Following ovulation, which structure produces progesterone during the early luteal
phase?
A) Endometrium
B) Corpus luteum
C) Placenta immediately after fertilization
D) Anterior pituitary
Correct Answer: Corpus luteum
Rationale: After ovulation, the remaining follicular tissue becomes the corpus luteum,
which secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining. If pregnancy occurs, hCG
supports the corpus luteum until placental hormone production becomes sufficient.
5. Human chorionic gonadotropin is important during early pregnancy because it:
A) Initiates fetal breathing movements.
B) Causes cervical dilation.
C) Suppresses placental development.
D) Maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion.
Correct Answer: Maintains the corpus luteum and progesterone secretion.
Rationale: hCG is produced by trophoblastic tissue shortly after implantation. It prevents
degeneration of the corpus luteum, allowing continued progesterone production necessary
to maintain the endometrium during early pregnancy.
6. Implantation normally occurs in the:
A) Cervical canal.
B) Fallopian tube.
C) Ovary.
D) Endometrium of the uterus.
Correct Answer: Endometrium of the uterus.
Rationale: The blastocyst normally implants into the vascular endometrial lining of the
uterus. Implantation outside the uterine cavity is abnormal and may result in ectopic
pregnancy.
7. Which structure allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between
maternal and fetal circulations without normally mixing the two blood supplies
directly?
A) Amnion
B) Umbilical cord only
C) Cervix
D) Placenta
Correct Answer: Placenta
