Pnb 2264 Exam 4 Actual Questions And Answers 2027 Update 100% Correct

PNB 2264 EXAM 4 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2027
UPDATE 100% CORRECT

Question 1.
Cranial cavity

Correct Answer: houses the brain




Question 2.
Protection of the brain

Correct Answer: skin cranial bones cranial meninges cerebrospinal fluid


Question 3.
Cranial meninges

Correct Answer: provide physical protection to the brain and spinal cord


Question 4.
Cerebrospinal fluid

Correct Answer: interstitial fluid of the brain provide chemical and physical
protection to the brain


Question 5.
Layers of the cranial meninges

Correct Answer: 1. dura mater 2. arachnoid mater 3. pia mater

,Question 6.
Dura mater

Correct Answer: outermost layer of the meninges made of fibrous connective
tissue strongest layer of the meninges 2 layers with blood vessels in between


Question 7.
Arachnoid mater

Correct Answer: middle layer of the meninges made of epithelial tissue CSF is
located below in subarachnoid space


Question 8.
Pia mater

Correct Answer: innermost layer of the meninges made of fibrous connective
tissue


Question 9.
CSF pathway

Correct Answer: CSF is produced, circulated, and stored by the ventricles CSF
flows through the subarachnoid space to leave the brain excess CSF flows into
the arachnoid villi then drains into the dural venous sinuses


Question 10.
Ventricular system

Correct Answer: a system of fluid-filled cavities inside the brain that produce
and circulate CSF


Question 11.
CSF is continuous between the brain and spinal cord

,Correct Answer: 1. lateral ventricles 2. third ventricles 3. cerebral aqueduct 4.
fourth ventricle 5. central canal 6. spinal cord




Question 12.
Median and lateral apertures

Correct Answer: openings leading from the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid
space outside of the brain CSF can flow through here to be circulated to the rest
of the brain


Question 13.
CSF flow from subarachnoid space to venous blood

Correct Answer: occurs by bulk flow - the subarachnoid space is at a higher
pressure than veins so CSF flows along its pressure gradient into the blood


Question 14.
Spinal tap

Correct Answer: a sampling of CSF from the spinal cord CSF is continuous so the
concentration should be relatively the same in the spinal cord and brain


Question 15.
Bulk flow

Correct Answer: CSF is subarachnoid space flows into venous blood of the brain


Question 16.
Ependymal cells

Correct Answer: found in the choroid plexus of the ventricles epithelial cells that
are selective about what passes from the blood to the CSF produce a majority of
CSF produce about 70% of CSF

, Question 17.
Blood vs CSF

Correct Answer: different solute concentrations allow for formation of
membrane potentials and action potential propagation


Question 18.
Blood supply to the brain

Correct Answer: 1. internal carotid arteries (anterior and medial) 2. vertebral
artery (posterior) 3. circle of Willis


Question 19.
Circle of Willis

Correct Answer: redundant/overlapping of vessels that permits blood rerouting
in the event of a blockage only prevents against damage of blood clots inside
the brain




Question 20.
Blood return to the body

Correct Answer: jugular vein


Question 21.
Ischemia

Correct Answer: damage due to lack of blood supply to the brain