PSYC 101 Exam 2 V2 | PSYC 101 General
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (PSYC101
Exam 2) | Portage Learning
1. In Pavlov’s original experiments with dogs, the bell, which originally had no effect on the
dog’s salivation, eventually triggered the response. In this context, the bell is known as the:
A. Unconditioned Stimulus
B. Unconditioned Response
C. Conditioned Stimulus
D. Conditioned Response
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The bell starts as a neutral stimulus because it does not naturally elicit
salivation. After being paired repeatedly with food, it becomes the conditioned stimulus
that triggers the learned behavior. This process is the core mechanism of classical
conditioning described by Pavlov.
2. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which of the following are considered the main
stages or stores of memory? Select all that apply.
A. Sensory Memory
B. Short-term Memory
C. Long-term Memory
,D. Flashbulb Memory
E. Procedural Storage
F. Working Memory
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: The Atkinson-Shiffrin model identifies three distinct stages through which
information must pass to be stored. Sensory memory holds brief sensory input, short-term
memory holds limited information for brief periods, and long-term memory provides
permanent storage. Other terms like working memory are later refinements or specific
types of these stages.
3. A child in the preoperational stage of development exhibits the belief that everyone sees
the world exactly as they do. This cognitive limitation is known as:
A. Conservation
B. Egocentrism
C. Object Permanence
D. Animism
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Egocentrism is a hallmark of Piaget’s preoperational stage where children
cannot take the perspective of others. They assume that if they can see something,
, everyone else can too. This limitation disappears as the child moves toward the concrete
operational stage.
4. A slot machine provides a payout after an unpredictable number of lever pulls. This is an
example of which reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed Ratio
B. Variable Ratio
C. Fixed Interval
D. Variable Interval
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Variable ratio schedules deliver reinforcement after a random number of
responses, making them highly resistant to extinction. The unpredictability keeps the
subject engaged in the behavior for longer periods. This is the same principle that makes
gambling highly addictive for many individuals.
5. When you learn your new phone number and suddenly find it difficult to remember your
old one, you are experiencing:
A. Proactive Interference
B. Retroactive Interference
C. Anterograde Amnesia
D. Decay Theory
Psychology | Actual Q&A with Rationale (PSYC101
Exam 2) | Portage Learning
1. In Pavlov’s original experiments with dogs, the bell, which originally had no effect on the
dog’s salivation, eventually triggered the response. In this context, the bell is known as the:
A. Unconditioned Stimulus
B. Unconditioned Response
C. Conditioned Stimulus
D. Conditioned Response
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The bell starts as a neutral stimulus because it does not naturally elicit
salivation. After being paired repeatedly with food, it becomes the conditioned stimulus
that triggers the learned behavior. This process is the core mechanism of classical
conditioning described by Pavlov.
2. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which of the following are considered the main
stages or stores of memory? Select all that apply.
A. Sensory Memory
B. Short-term Memory
C. Long-term Memory
,D. Flashbulb Memory
E. Procedural Storage
F. Working Memory
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Explanation: The Atkinson-Shiffrin model identifies three distinct stages through which
information must pass to be stored. Sensory memory holds brief sensory input, short-term
memory holds limited information for brief periods, and long-term memory provides
permanent storage. Other terms like working memory are later refinements or specific
types of these stages.
3. A child in the preoperational stage of development exhibits the belief that everyone sees
the world exactly as they do. This cognitive limitation is known as:
A. Conservation
B. Egocentrism
C. Object Permanence
D. Animism
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Egocentrism is a hallmark of Piaget’s preoperational stage where children
cannot take the perspective of others. They assume that if they can see something,
, everyone else can too. This limitation disappears as the child moves toward the concrete
operational stage.
4. A slot machine provides a payout after an unpredictable number of lever pulls. This is an
example of which reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed Ratio
B. Variable Ratio
C. Fixed Interval
D. Variable Interval
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Variable ratio schedules deliver reinforcement after a random number of
responses, making them highly resistant to extinction. The unpredictability keeps the
subject engaged in the behavior for longer periods. This is the same principle that makes
gambling highly addictive for many individuals.
5. When you learn your new phone number and suddenly find it difficult to remember your
old one, you are experiencing:
A. Proactive Interference
B. Retroactive Interference
C. Anterograde Amnesia
D. Decay Theory
