NURS 110 Final Exam 2026/2027: 110
NCLEX-Style Questions with Answers,
Rationales, and Remediation Mapping for
Nursing Students
Description:
Prepare for your NURS 110 final exam with this comprehensive 2026/2027 test bank featuring
110 NCLEX-RN aligned questions covering foundations of nursing, ethics and law, clinical
judgment, safety and infection control, management of care, health promotion,
psychosocial integrity, basic care and comfort, and pharmacology with dosage calculations.
Every item includes a bolded answer, a detailed explanation, distractor rationales, Bloom's
cognitive level, difficulty rating, textbook reference, and remediation mapping. This publication-
grade exam also provides a consolidated answer key, blueprint alignment with the 2026
NCLEX-RN Test Plan, alternate item formats including bow-tie and matrix questions, and an
appendix mapping every incorrect response to a review topic. Built for first-year nursing
students, faculty, and exam-prep platforms, this is the only NURS 110 final review you need for
the 2026/2027 academic year.
Download your copy today and walk into finals with confidence.
, NURS 110 Final Exam 2026/2027 — 110 Q&A with Rationales
(Updated)
Section I: Foundations of Nursing Practice (Questions 1–12)
Client Needs: Management of Care (6), Health Promotion (2), Safety (2), Physiological
Adaptation (2)
QSEN: Patient-Centered Care, Evidence-Based Practice
1. A nurse is preparing a presentation on the historical foundations of modern nursing.
Which contribution by Florence Nightingale most directly established nursing as a distinct
profession requiring formal education?
A. Advocating for improved sanitation in military hospitals during the Crimean War
B. Founding the first secular training school for nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital in London
C. Developing the theory of interpersonal relations that guides therapeutic communication
D. Establishing the American Nurses Association to regulate nursing practice standards
Answer: B
Explanation: Florence Nightingale founded the first secular training school for nurses at St.
Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860, establishing nursing as a formal educational discipline
separate from medicine. Her sanitation work (A) demonstrated nursing's clinical impact but did
not create the educational infrastructure for the profession. Hildegard Peplau developed the
theory of interpersonal relations (C), and the ANA was established in 1896 by nursing leaders
including Isabel Hampton Robb and Lavinia Dock (D).
Distractor Rationales: Option A describes a significant contribution but not the structural
establishment of nursing education. Option C refers to Peplau's mid-twentieth-century work.
Option D refers to a professional organization, not an educational institution.
Cognitive Level: Remembering | Difficulty: Easy | Reference: Hinkle, J. L., Cheever, K. H., &
Overbaugh, K. (2026). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (15th ed.,
2026/2027 update). Wolters Kluwer.
,Remediation: Review the history of nursing education in Hinkle et al. (2026), Chapter 1.
2. A registered nurse is explaining the criteria that distinguish nursing as a profession
rather than an occupation. Which characteristics should the nurse include?
Select all that apply.
A. A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
B. Regulation by the medical profession
C. A formal code of ethics for practitioners
D. Ongoing research to expand the knowledge base
E. A focus exclusively on technical skill development
Answer: A, C, D
Explanation: Nursing meets the criteria of a profession through its unique body of knowledge,
formal code of ethics (ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements), and
commitment to ongoing research and knowledge expansion. Regulation by the medical
profession (B) would undermine nursing autonomy and is not a criterion for professional status.
An exclusive focus on technical skills (E) characterizes an occupation rather than a profession,
which requires intellectual judgment and autonomous decision-making.
Distractor Rationales: Option B reflects a historical model of medical dominance that nursing
has actively rejected. Option E describes a technical training model, not professional education.
Cognitive Level: Understanding | Difficulty: Moderate | Reference: American Nurses
Association. (2025). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements (3rd ed.). ANA.
Remediation: Review criteria for a profession in ANA (2025) and Hinkle et al. (2026), Chapter
1.
, 3. A nurse is applying the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model during a patient
assessment. The nurse notices the patient's respiratory rate has increased from 16 to 28
breaths per minute over four hours. According to the model, what is the nurse's immediate
next step?
A. Administer the prescribed bronchodilator without further assessment
B. Document the finding and continue routine monitoring per unit protocol
C. Notify the provider immediately without additional assessment data
D. Analyze the cue by connecting the respiratory rate change to the patient's clinical presentation
Answer: D
Explanation: The Clinical Judgment Measurement Model follows the iterative sequence of
recognizing cues, analyzing cues, prioritizing hypotheses, generating solutions, taking action,
and evaluating outcomes. After recognizing the increased respiratory rate as a relevant cue, the
nurse must analyze it by connecting it to other assessment data—oxygen saturation, lung sounds,
work of breathing, history, and medication effects—before determining whether intervention is
needed. Taking action (A, C) or deferring action (B) without analysis is unsafe and does not
reflect clinical judgment.
Distractor Rationales: Option A skips the analytical step and may expose the patient to
unnecessary medication. Option B fails to investigate a potentially urgent finding. Option C
bypasses the nurse's independent assessment responsibility.
Cognitive Level: Applying | Difficulty: Moderate | Reference: National Council of State
Boards of Nursing. (2025). 2026 NCLEX-RN test plan. NCSBN.
Remediation: Review the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model in NCSBN (2025).
NCLEX-Style Questions with Answers,
Rationales, and Remediation Mapping for
Nursing Students
Description:
Prepare for your NURS 110 final exam with this comprehensive 2026/2027 test bank featuring
110 NCLEX-RN aligned questions covering foundations of nursing, ethics and law, clinical
judgment, safety and infection control, management of care, health promotion,
psychosocial integrity, basic care and comfort, and pharmacology with dosage calculations.
Every item includes a bolded answer, a detailed explanation, distractor rationales, Bloom's
cognitive level, difficulty rating, textbook reference, and remediation mapping. This publication-
grade exam also provides a consolidated answer key, blueprint alignment with the 2026
NCLEX-RN Test Plan, alternate item formats including bow-tie and matrix questions, and an
appendix mapping every incorrect response to a review topic. Built for first-year nursing
students, faculty, and exam-prep platforms, this is the only NURS 110 final review you need for
the 2026/2027 academic year.
Download your copy today and walk into finals with confidence.
, NURS 110 Final Exam 2026/2027 — 110 Q&A with Rationales
(Updated)
Section I: Foundations of Nursing Practice (Questions 1–12)
Client Needs: Management of Care (6), Health Promotion (2), Safety (2), Physiological
Adaptation (2)
QSEN: Patient-Centered Care, Evidence-Based Practice
1. A nurse is preparing a presentation on the historical foundations of modern nursing.
Which contribution by Florence Nightingale most directly established nursing as a distinct
profession requiring formal education?
A. Advocating for improved sanitation in military hospitals during the Crimean War
B. Founding the first secular training school for nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital in London
C. Developing the theory of interpersonal relations that guides therapeutic communication
D. Establishing the American Nurses Association to regulate nursing practice standards
Answer: B
Explanation: Florence Nightingale founded the first secular training school for nurses at St.
Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860, establishing nursing as a formal educational discipline
separate from medicine. Her sanitation work (A) demonstrated nursing's clinical impact but did
not create the educational infrastructure for the profession. Hildegard Peplau developed the
theory of interpersonal relations (C), and the ANA was established in 1896 by nursing leaders
including Isabel Hampton Robb and Lavinia Dock (D).
Distractor Rationales: Option A describes a significant contribution but not the structural
establishment of nursing education. Option C refers to Peplau's mid-twentieth-century work.
Option D refers to a professional organization, not an educational institution.
Cognitive Level: Remembering | Difficulty: Easy | Reference: Hinkle, J. L., Cheever, K. H., &
Overbaugh, K. (2026). Brunner & Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing (15th ed.,
2026/2027 update). Wolters Kluwer.
,Remediation: Review the history of nursing education in Hinkle et al. (2026), Chapter 1.
2. A registered nurse is explaining the criteria that distinguish nursing as a profession
rather than an occupation. Which characteristics should the nurse include?
Select all that apply.
A. A well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
B. Regulation by the medical profession
C. A formal code of ethics for practitioners
D. Ongoing research to expand the knowledge base
E. A focus exclusively on technical skill development
Answer: A, C, D
Explanation: Nursing meets the criteria of a profession through its unique body of knowledge,
formal code of ethics (ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements), and
commitment to ongoing research and knowledge expansion. Regulation by the medical
profession (B) would undermine nursing autonomy and is not a criterion for professional status.
An exclusive focus on technical skills (E) characterizes an occupation rather than a profession,
which requires intellectual judgment and autonomous decision-making.
Distractor Rationales: Option B reflects a historical model of medical dominance that nursing
has actively rejected. Option E describes a technical training model, not professional education.
Cognitive Level: Understanding | Difficulty: Moderate | Reference: American Nurses
Association. (2025). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements (3rd ed.). ANA.
Remediation: Review criteria for a profession in ANA (2025) and Hinkle et al. (2026), Chapter
1.
, 3. A nurse is applying the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model during a patient
assessment. The nurse notices the patient's respiratory rate has increased from 16 to 28
breaths per minute over four hours. According to the model, what is the nurse's immediate
next step?
A. Administer the prescribed bronchodilator without further assessment
B. Document the finding and continue routine monitoring per unit protocol
C. Notify the provider immediately without additional assessment data
D. Analyze the cue by connecting the respiratory rate change to the patient's clinical presentation
Answer: D
Explanation: The Clinical Judgment Measurement Model follows the iterative sequence of
recognizing cues, analyzing cues, prioritizing hypotheses, generating solutions, taking action,
and evaluating outcomes. After recognizing the increased respiratory rate as a relevant cue, the
nurse must analyze it by connecting it to other assessment data—oxygen saturation, lung sounds,
work of breathing, history, and medication effects—before determining whether intervention is
needed. Taking action (A, C) or deferring action (B) without analysis is unsafe and does not
reflect clinical judgment.
Distractor Rationales: Option A skips the analytical step and may expose the patient to
unnecessary medication. Option B fails to investigate a potentially urgent finding. Option C
bypasses the nurse's independent assessment responsibility.
Cognitive Level: Applying | Difficulty: Moderate | Reference: National Council of State
Boards of Nursing. (2025). 2026 NCLEX-RN test plan. NCSBN.
Remediation: Review the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model in NCSBN (2025).
