WGU D027 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS FINAL
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM TEST
◉ Stable angina goal. Answer: decrease cardiac oxygen demand
◉ Meds for stable angina. Answer: nitro first choice, then beta
blockers (beta blockers if angina occurs with effort)
◉ nitroglycerine dose. Answer: sublingual, acts within 5 minutes,
max of 3 doses
◉ Cardiac glycosides (Digoxin). Answer: Increased myocardial
contractile force (increases output), used in ED, exerts positive
inotropic action, can cause severe dysrhythmias
◉ Digoxin Dosing. Answer: therapeutic - 0.5-0.8 ng/ml. ASSESS
apical pulse before administering, If lethargic and not acting right,
see patient FIRST
◉ Goal of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs. Answer: inactivate
and suppress formation of thrombin
,◉ Warfarin (coumadin). Answer: PO to prevent blood clots; start
with half a dose
◉ Anticoagulants. Answer: Warfarin, heparin, lovenox; Caution
about hemorrhage, any patients with risks for bleeding
◉ Pneumonia Patho. Answer: pathogen reaches airway and
overwhelms defenses causing inflammatory cascade; fluid forms,
blocking diffusion (gas exchange) causing hypoxia, ultimately leads
to respiratory failure
◉ Diagnosing pneumonia. Answer: Chest X-ray: viral - diffuse
widespread whitening; bacterial - patchy, consolidated, lobar
◉ Emphysema. Answer: destruction of alveolar walls; air goes into
lungs, can't get out; leads to hyperinflation
◉ Bronchitis. Answer: excess mucus production, smooth muscle
hypertrophy
◉ asthma. Answer: chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi;
trigger causing mucus clogging bronchial tubes; is reversable, give
beta antagonists and steroids
, ◉ Foundation meds of asthma and COPD. Answer:
glucocorticosteroids: Pulmicort and Flovent; taken daily for long
term control to suppress inflammation.
Oral glucocorticoids - methylprednisone, prednisone; gradually
decrease dose
◉ Bronchodilators (Beta 2-Adrenergic Agonists). Answer: provide
symptomatic relief, do not effect inflammation of disease process;
taken PRN during attack (Albuterol), long actinb Beta2 can be used
in combo with glucocorticoids
◉ Back pain treatment. Answer: first 4-6 weeks no imaging needed
unless neurologic involved; give NSAIDS and rest, is the #1/2 reason
for visits to PCP
◉ Types of Endocrine Disorders. Answer: Diabetes
Acromegaly - overproduction of growth hormone, have overbite and
buffalo hump
Addison's - decreased production of hormones by adrenal gland
Cushing - high cortisol levels
Graves - hyperthyroidism (excessive)
◉ Stage 1 Kidney Disease (CKD). Answer: kidney damage with
normal or increased GFR, treat comorbid conditions to slow disease
progression, CVD risk reduction
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM TEST
◉ Stable angina goal. Answer: decrease cardiac oxygen demand
◉ Meds for stable angina. Answer: nitro first choice, then beta
blockers (beta blockers if angina occurs with effort)
◉ nitroglycerine dose. Answer: sublingual, acts within 5 minutes,
max of 3 doses
◉ Cardiac glycosides (Digoxin). Answer: Increased myocardial
contractile force (increases output), used in ED, exerts positive
inotropic action, can cause severe dysrhythmias
◉ Digoxin Dosing. Answer: therapeutic - 0.5-0.8 ng/ml. ASSESS
apical pulse before administering, If lethargic and not acting right,
see patient FIRST
◉ Goal of Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs. Answer: inactivate
and suppress formation of thrombin
,◉ Warfarin (coumadin). Answer: PO to prevent blood clots; start
with half a dose
◉ Anticoagulants. Answer: Warfarin, heparin, lovenox; Caution
about hemorrhage, any patients with risks for bleeding
◉ Pneumonia Patho. Answer: pathogen reaches airway and
overwhelms defenses causing inflammatory cascade; fluid forms,
blocking diffusion (gas exchange) causing hypoxia, ultimately leads
to respiratory failure
◉ Diagnosing pneumonia. Answer: Chest X-ray: viral - diffuse
widespread whitening; bacterial - patchy, consolidated, lobar
◉ Emphysema. Answer: destruction of alveolar walls; air goes into
lungs, can't get out; leads to hyperinflation
◉ Bronchitis. Answer: excess mucus production, smooth muscle
hypertrophy
◉ asthma. Answer: chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi;
trigger causing mucus clogging bronchial tubes; is reversable, give
beta antagonists and steroids
, ◉ Foundation meds of asthma and COPD. Answer:
glucocorticosteroids: Pulmicort and Flovent; taken daily for long
term control to suppress inflammation.
Oral glucocorticoids - methylprednisone, prednisone; gradually
decrease dose
◉ Bronchodilators (Beta 2-Adrenergic Agonists). Answer: provide
symptomatic relief, do not effect inflammation of disease process;
taken PRN during attack (Albuterol), long actinb Beta2 can be used
in combo with glucocorticoids
◉ Back pain treatment. Answer: first 4-6 weeks no imaging needed
unless neurologic involved; give NSAIDS and rest, is the #1/2 reason
for visits to PCP
◉ Types of Endocrine Disorders. Answer: Diabetes
Acromegaly - overproduction of growth hormone, have overbite and
buffalo hump
Addison's - decreased production of hormones by adrenal gland
Cushing - high cortisol levels
Graves - hyperthyroidism (excessive)
◉ Stage 1 Kidney Disease (CKD). Answer: kidney damage with
normal or increased GFR, treat comorbid conditions to slow disease
progression, CVD risk reduction
