EMERGENCY TOXICITES 2027 UPDATE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Question 1.
initial management for toxic exposures
Correct Answer: ABCDEFG - Airway - Breathing - Circulation - Decontamination -
Enhanced elimination - Focused antidote therapy - Get help - from poison
control or a toxicologist
Question 2.
decontamination and enhanced elimination
Correct Answer: - goals is to remove or eliminate the substance from the body
before it becomes problematic - generally not recommended as routine
treatment due to lack of supportive data but you may see it done based on
recommendations from poison control in specific patient scenariosdf
Question 3.
methods for decontamination and enhanced elimination
Correct Answer: - gastric lavage - cathartics - activated charcoal - bowel
irrigation - urine alkalinization
Question 4.
gastric lavage
Correct Answer: - involves placement of an orogastric or nasogastric tube and
flushing out stomach contents - most helpful if conducted in 30-60 min of
ingestion
Question 5.
cathartics
Correct Answer: magnesium citrate or sorbitol to promote excretion through
feces
Question 6.
activated charcoal
Correct Answer: - ideally used within 60 minutes of ingestion, binds substances
in GI tract - many different substances that are inappropriate for use with
charcoal
, Question 7.
bowel irrigation
Correct Answer: promotes elimination through stool via polyethylene glycol
(bowel prep)
Question 8.
urine alkalinization
Correct Answer: - promotes elimination through urine - used for specific
substances, see later slides
Question 9.
What is a toxidromes?
Correct Answer: a constellation of symptoms that are associated with a class of
toxin or medication
Question 10.
anticholinergic toxidromes
Correct Answer: - delirium - dry mucous membranes - mydriasis (dilated pupils) -
hyperthermia - tachycardia - hypoactive bowel sounds - urinary retention
Question 11.
cholinergic toxidromes
Correct Answer: - miosis (pinpoint pupils) - confusion - hyper salivation -
lacrimation (excessive tearing) - bronchorrhea - diaphoresis (excessive
sweating) - urination - diarrhea - emesis - bradycardia
Question 12.
opioid toxidromes
Correct Answer: - decreased respirations - miosis (pinpoint pupils) - decreased
bowel sounds - hypotension - bradycardia - sedation
Question 13.
sympathomimetic toxidromes
Correct Answer: - hypertension - hyperthermia - tachycardia - agitation -
delirium - mydriasis (dilated pupils)
SOLUTIONS
Question 1.
initial management for toxic exposures
Correct Answer: ABCDEFG - Airway - Breathing - Circulation - Decontamination -
Enhanced elimination - Focused antidote therapy - Get help - from poison
control or a toxicologist
Question 2.
decontamination and enhanced elimination
Correct Answer: - goals is to remove or eliminate the substance from the body
before it becomes problematic - generally not recommended as routine
treatment due to lack of supportive data but you may see it done based on
recommendations from poison control in specific patient scenariosdf
Question 3.
methods for decontamination and enhanced elimination
Correct Answer: - gastric lavage - cathartics - activated charcoal - bowel
irrigation - urine alkalinization
Question 4.
gastric lavage
Correct Answer: - involves placement of an orogastric or nasogastric tube and
flushing out stomach contents - most helpful if conducted in 30-60 min of
ingestion
Question 5.
cathartics
Correct Answer: magnesium citrate or sorbitol to promote excretion through
feces
Question 6.
activated charcoal
Correct Answer: - ideally used within 60 minutes of ingestion, binds substances
in GI tract - many different substances that are inappropriate for use with
charcoal
, Question 7.
bowel irrigation
Correct Answer: promotes elimination through stool via polyethylene glycol
(bowel prep)
Question 8.
urine alkalinization
Correct Answer: - promotes elimination through urine - used for specific
substances, see later slides
Question 9.
What is a toxidromes?
Correct Answer: a constellation of symptoms that are associated with a class of
toxin or medication
Question 10.
anticholinergic toxidromes
Correct Answer: - delirium - dry mucous membranes - mydriasis (dilated pupils) -
hyperthermia - tachycardia - hypoactive bowel sounds - urinary retention
Question 11.
cholinergic toxidromes
Correct Answer: - miosis (pinpoint pupils) - confusion - hyper salivation -
lacrimation (excessive tearing) - bronchorrhea - diaphoresis (excessive
sweating) - urination - diarrhea - emesis - bradycardia
Question 12.
opioid toxidromes
Correct Answer: - decreased respirations - miosis (pinpoint pupils) - decreased
bowel sounds - hypotension - bradycardia - sedation
Question 13.
sympathomimetic toxidromes
Correct Answer: - hypertension - hyperthermia - tachycardia - agitation -
delirium - mydriasis (dilated pupils)
